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Table 1 Comparison of background covariates between exposure groups in the unmatched sample

From: Does capitation affect patient satisfaction and prevalence of out-of-pocket payments in the insured? A propensity score analysis of Ghana’s demographic and health survey data

Mean

Variable

Overall (N = 2240)

Exposed (N = 176)

Unexposed (N = 2064)

P-valuea

Standardized Difference

Variance Ratio

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Gender

 Female

0.839

0.824

0.840

Ref.

 Male

0.161

0.176

0.160

0.573

0.043

1.086

Age Group

 15–19

0.113

0.125

0.112

0.613

0.039

1.102

 20–24

0.163

0.131

0.166

0.227

−0.099

0.826

 25–29

0.201

0.188

0.202

0.644

−0.037

0.950

 30–34

0.165

0.188

0.163

0.396

0.065

1.124

 35–39

0.143

0.119

0.145

0.344

−0.077

0.850

 40–44

0.103

0.142

0.099

0.073

0.131

1.369

Over 44 yrs.

0.112

0.108

0.112

0.857

−0.014

0.970

Level of Education

 None

0.227

0.085

0.239

< 0.001

− 0.426

0.431

 Primary Education

0.157

0.091

0.163

0.012

−0.217

0.610

 Secondary/Higher

0.616

0.824

0.598

< 0.001

0.513

0.607

Wealth Quintile

 Poorest

0.245

0.051

0.262

< 0.001

−0.605

0.252

 Poorer

0.170

0.097

0.176

0.007

−0.234

0.604

 Middle

0.203

0.142

0.208

0.036

−0.175

0.743

 Richer

0.200

0.318

0.190

< 0.001

0.296

1.415

 Richest

0.181

0.392

0.163

< 0.001

0.527

1.754

Ethnicity

 Akan

0.365

0.653

0.341

< 0.001

0.658

1.014

 Ewe

0.136

0.017

0.146

< 0.001

−0.484

0.135

 Mole-Dabgani

0.282

0.153

0.293

< 0.001

−0.339

0.631

 Other

0.217

0.176

0.221

0.167

−0.112

0.847

Type of Residence

 Rural

0.479

0.324

0.492

Ref.

 Urban

0.521

0.676

0.508

< 0.001

0.347

0.881

Ever been told by a clinician as having hypertension

 No

0.889

0.858

0.892

Ref.

 Yes

0.111

0.142

0.108

0.168

0.103

1.271

Type of facility visited

 Public/Government

0.831

0.688

0.843

Ref.

 Private

0.169

0.313

0.157

< 0.001

0.373

1.632

Outcome Variables

 Out-of-pocket payments

0.146

0.301

0.132

< 0.001

 Patient Satisfaction

59.439

60.756

59.327

0.031

 Perceived friendliness of staff

0.948

0.966

0.946

0.260

 Perceived adequacy of consultation time

0.926

0.915

0.927

0.541

  1. Note: The analyses are not weighted; aTwo-sample t-test comparisons of means between exposed and unexposed