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Table 1 Hospital characteristics in baseline year (2009) for high vs. low Medicare share hospitals

From: Association between degree of exposure to the Hospital Value Based Purchasing Program and 30-day mortality: experience from the first four years of Medicare’s pay-for-performance program

 

High Medicare share hospitals (N = 540)

Low Medicare share hospitals (N = 1362)

All hospitals (N = 1902)

p valuea

No. (Percent)

No. (Percent)

No. (Percent)

Medicare bed share, Mean (Std. Dev)

0.61 (0.05)

0.41 (0.11)

0.46 (0.13)

< 0.001

Teaching hospital (COTH)b, n (%)

6 (1.1)

234 (17.2)

240 (12.6)

< 0.001

Ownership, n (%)

   

0.506

 Not-for-profit

358 (66.3)

927 (68.1)

1285 (67.6)

 

 Govt. non-fed

72 (13.3)

189 (13.9)

261 (13.7)

 

 For-profit

110 (20.4)

246 (20.4)

356 (18.7)

 

Bed size, n (%)

   

< 0.001

 < 99

152 (28.1)

180 (13.2)

332 (17.5)

 

 100–199

176 (32.6)

354 (26.0)

530 (27.9)

 

 > =200

212 (39.3)

828 (60.8)

1040 (54.7)

 

Region, n (%)

   

< 0.001

 Northeast

105 (19.4)

267 (19.6)

372 (19.6)

 

 Midwest

163 (30.2)

293 (21.5)

456 (24.0)

 

 South

244 (45.2)

467 (34.3)

711 (37.4)

 

 West

28 (5.2)

335 (24.6)

363 (19.1)

 

Average daily census, Mean (Std. Dev)

98.9 (87.7)

181.4 (161.8)

158.0 (149.4)

< 0.001

DSH %, Mean (Std. Dev)

31.7% (19.4%)

31.7% (19.4%)

28.3% (18.4%)

< 0.001

Poverty rate %, Mean (Std. Dev)

14.5% (2.7%)

14.4% (2.4%)

14.5% (2.5%)

0.463

Unemployment rate %, Mean (Std. Dev)

10.1% (1.9%)

9.9% (1.7%)

10.0% (1.7%)

0.136

  1. Source: Authors’ analysis of American Hospital Association Annual Survey data (2009)
  2. Hospitals that appear in any of the following samples are included in the table: AMI Acute myocardial infarction, HF Heart failure, and pneumonia
  3. High Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with Medicare share inpatient days > = 55%; low Medicare share hospitals: Hospitals with Medicare share inpatient days < 55%
  4. aDifference between high and low Medicare share hospitals; t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
  5. bMember of Council of Teaching Hospital of the Association of American Medical Colleges