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Table 3 Within-group changes in IG and CG on primary and secondary outcomes

From: Feasibility and long-term efficacy of a proactive health program in the treatment of chronic back pain: a randomized controlled trial

 

Baseline

24 m post

Baseline

24 m post

Within group

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

p / SRM

p / SRM

IG (N = 189)

CG (N = 255)

IG

KG

Back pain Severity (CPGQ)

characteristic pain intensity (0–100%)

46.3 (19.1)

39.9 (21.8)

44.3 (20.4)

40.6 (22.2)

< 0.001 / 0.32

0.001 / 0.21

disability points (0–6)

2.6 (2.1)

1.8 (2.1)

2.2 (2.2)

1.9 (2.1)

< 0.001 / 0.37

0.005 / 0.18

Health-related quality of life (SF-12)

physical component (0–100)

37.6 (9.2)

42.3 (10.1)

40.5 (11.1)

41.7 (10.8)

< 0.001 / -0.48

0.058 / –0.12

mental component (0–100)

46.5 (12.3)

47.2 (10.3)

44.5 (12.1)

46.5 (12.2)

0.384 / –0.06

0.004 / –0.18

Psychological distress (PHQ-4)

sum score (0–12)

3.4 (2.9)

2.8 (2.7)

3.4 (2.8)

3.1 (2.6)

< 0.001 / 0.21

0.076 / 0.11

Risk of chronifi-cation (STarT-G)

total score (0–9)

3.7 (2.2)

2.8 (2.3)

3.1 (2.3)

2.9 (2.3)

< 0.001 / 0.38

0.077 / 0.11

Physical activitya

days per week with at least 10 min physical activity (0–7)

2.2 (1.6)

2.6 (1.6)

2.5 (1.8)

2.5 (1.7)

< 0.001 / –0.28

1.0 / 0.0

  1. CPGQ Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, SF-12 Short Form 12, PHQ-4 Patient Health Questionnaire 4, STarT-G Keele STarT back Screening Tool, German Version;
  2. aphysically active in a way that one starts to sweat or gets out of breath; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; 24 m post: 24 months follow-up; IG: intervention group; CG: control group; p: significance value (from dependent sample t-test);
  3. SRM Standardized response mean, minus SRM: if higher scores of the outcome parameter describe worse health condition (e.g. pain intensity or disability points), minus SMR indicates deterioration over time; if higher scores describe better health conditions (e.g. SF-12 parameters), minus SRM indicates improvement over time