Table 2 Percentage of individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving specific processes of care by ethnicity and gender
Features recorded in electronic health records % (95% CI) | Ethnicity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westerners | Eastern Europeans | Eastern Asians | South Asians | MENA a | Eastern Africans | |
Men, n | 4698 | 103 | 76 | 430 | 200 | 80 |
HbA1c | 89.2 (87.4 to 91.0) | 86.5 (78.8 to 94.2) | 88.8 (81.5 to 96.1) | 92.8 (89.9 to 95.7) | 89.2 (84.4 to 94.0) | 89.2 (82.1 to 96.4) |
Blood pressure | 89.0 (87.4 to 90.6) | 82.3 (73.9 to 90.8) | 90.2 (83.4 to 96.9) | 91.6 (88.5 to 94.7) | 87.6 (82.8 to 92.6) | 84.3 (75.9 to 92.7) |
LDL-cholesterol | 68.7 (64.7 to 72.8) | 71.6 (60.8 to 82.4) | 72.8 (60.9 to 84.7) | 73.1 (66.7 to 79.4) | 73.7 (65.9 to 81.6) | 66.4 (53.6 to 79.2) |
Creatinine/ e-GFR | 82.13 (80.6 to 85.6) | 80.0 (71.0 to 89.0) | 82.9 (74.4 to 91.8) | 84.3 (79.8 to 88.9) | 83.7 (78.0 to 89.5) | 84.9 (76.9 to 93.0) |
Albuminuria | 23.4 (17.0 to 29.9) | 25.0 (13.5 to 36.5) | 25.4 (13.2 to 37.7) | 17.6 (11.1 to 24.2) | 22.4 (13.5 to 31.2) | 25.0 (12.5 to 37.5) |
Body height | 75.8 (71.1 to 80.6) | 64.8 (52.9 to 76.8) | 67.8 (55.2 to 80.5) | 62.3 (43.0 to 70.3)* | 59.5 (48.8 to 68.3)* | 51.9 (37.9 to 66.0)* |
Body weight | 58.1 (52.5 to 63.7) | 42.7 (30.3 to 55.2) | 48.1 (34.3 to 61.8) | 43.9 (35.9 to 51.9)* | 40.0 (30.4 to 49.5)* | 43.8 (30.0 to 57.5) |
Eye examination | 60.7 (57.9 to 63.6) | 61.8 (51.8 to 71.8) | 62.1 (51.6 to 72.6) | 62.4 (56.9 to 68.0) | 56.4 (48.9 to 63.8) | 67.0 (56.4 to 77.6) |
Foot examinations | 30.3 (26.6 to 34.0) | 24.9 (15.0 to 34.9) | 22.4 (11.4 to 33.4) | 25.6 (19.3 to 31.8) | 24.8 (17.1 to 32.4) | 24.6 (13.3 to 35.9) |
Smoking habits | 85.8 (83.0 to 88.7) | 83.0 (74.3 to 91.6) | 88.0 (79.9 to 96.0) | 81.0 (75.2 to 86.7) | 85.5 (79.5 to 91.5) | 61.4 (47.8 to 75.1)* |
Women, n | 3797 | 81 | 142 | 368 | 140 | 46 |
HbA1c | 91.3 (90.1 to 92.5) | 86.2 (77.3 to 95.2) | 89.2 (83.2 to 95.2) | 91.9 (88.0 to 95.7) | 93.7 (88.3 to 99.2) | 79.7 (63.7 to 95.5) |
Blood pressure | 88.7 (87.4 to 90.1) | 90.7 (83.6 to 97.9) | 89.6 (84.1 to 95.1) | 87.1 (82.6 to 91.7) | 91.6 (86.2 to 97.1) | 85.2 (72.9 to 97.5) |
LDL-cholesterol | 70.0 (66.3 to 73.8) | 59.5 (45.9 to 73.2) | 66.7 (56.86 to 76.6) | 65.2 (57.6 to 72.8) | 62.8 (51.6 to 74.1) | 51.7 (32.5 to 70.9) |
Creatinine/ e-GFR | 87.0 (85.0 to 89.1) | 82.7 (73.1 to 92.3) | 84.7 (78.1 to 91.3) | 86.9 (82.2 to 91.6) | 85.0 (77.6 to 92.4) | 77.5 (62.5 to 92.4) |
Albuminuria | 23.6 (17.9 to 29.3) | 19.7 (9.2 to 30.2) | 23.1 (13.9 to 32.3) | 23.7 (16.1 to 31.3) | 19.3 (10.6 to 28.0) | 19.9 (6.0 to 33.9) |
Body height | 72.6 (68.1 to 77.1) | 76.9 (65.8 to 87.7) | 69.7 (60.0 to 79.4) | 63.9 (55.9 to 71.9) | 66.8 (55.7 to 77.9) | 68.3 (49.5 to 87.0) |
Body weight | 53.1 (47.4 to 58.7) | 56.3 (42.7 to 69.9) | 43.4 (32.7 to 54.0) | 49.0 (40.7 to 57.3) | 51.7 (40.2 to 63.2) | 41.6 (23.7 to 59.5) |
Eye examination | 63.1 (64.0 to 66.0) | 53.5 (41.5 to 65.4) | 73.0 (65.4 to 80.7) | 65.0 (59.1 to 70.9) | 66.1 (57.5 to 74.8) | 69.2 (54.7 to 83.7) |
Foot examination | 29.3 (25.3 to 33.3) | 25.1 (13.0 to 37.1) | 25.7 (16.5 to 34.9) | 24.7 (17.8 to 31.5) | 24.5 (14.5 to 43.5) | 25.8 (9.3 to 42.3) |
Smoking habits | 82.7 (79.4 to 85.9) | 83.5 (73.7 to 93.4) | 66.5 (65.3 to 76.7)* | 55.3 (46.9 to 63.7)* | 46.4 (34.9 to 57.8)* | 42.5 (23.8 to 61.1)* |