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Table 4 Multilevel logistic regression model for Charlson (left) and Elixhauser (right) Indices, adjusted for patient and hospital factors with random intercepts for hospital clusters

From: Comorbidity and thirty-day hospital readmission odds in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparison of the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices

Model Info

Charlson Index

Elixhauser Index

 N

1,658,372

1,658,372

 LL

-1,683,418.10

-1,677,856.30

 df

41

41

 AIC

3,366,918.30

3,355,794.50

 BIC

3,367,423.50

3,356,299.80

Predictors

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Comorbidity Index (per ½ SD)

1.09 (1.09, 1.09)

<.001

1.13 (1.12, 1.13)

<.001

Year (ref = 2010)

 2011

1.00 (0.97, 1.02)

0.673

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

0.484

 2012

0.96 (0.94, 0.98)

<.001

0.95 (0.93, 0.97)

<.001

 2013

0.93 (0.91, 0.95)

<.001

0.91 (0.89, 0.93)

<.001

 2014

0.92 (0.90, 0.94)

<.001

0.89 (0.87, 0.91)

<.001

 2015

0.88 (0.86, 0.90)

<.001

0.86 (0.84, 0.88)

<.001

 2016

0.87 (0.85, 0.89)

<.001

0.85 (0.83, 0.87)

<.001

Quarter (ref = 1st)

 2nd Quarter

0.97 (0.96, 0.98)

<.001

0.97 (0.95, 0.98)

<.001

 3rd Quarter

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

0.167

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

0.778

 4th Quarter

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.277

0.99 (0.97, 1.00)

0.086

Sex (ref = male)

 Female

0.92 (0.91, 0.93)

<.001

0.92 (0.91, 0.92)

<.001

Age (per 10 year)

0.97 (0.97, 0.98)

<.001

0.98 (0.98, 0.99)

<.001

Income Quartile (ref = 1st)

 2nd Quartile

0.98 (0.97, 0.99)

0.003

0.98 (0.97, 1.00)

0.009

 3rd Quartile

0.97 (0.95, 0.98)

<.001

0.97 (0.96, 0.99)

<.001

 4th Quartile

0.94 (0.93, 0.96)

<.001

0.95 (0.93, 0.97)

<.001

 Missing

0.97 (0.93, 1.00)

0.083

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

0.136

Payer (ref = Medicare)

 Medicaid

1.08 (1.06, 1.10)

<.001

1.08 (1.06, 1.09)

<.001

 Private

0.69 (0.68, 0.71)

<.001

0.71 (0.70, 0.73)

<.001

 Self-Pay

0.62 (0.60, 0.64)

<.001

0.63 (0.61, 0.65)

<.001

 Other/No Charge

0.79 (0.77, 0.82)

<.001

0.80 (0.77, 0.82)

<.001

Disposition (ref = Routine to home)

 Post-acute care

1.30 (1.28, 1.32)

<.001

1.21 (1.19, 1.23)

<.001

 Home Health

1.35 (1.33, 1.37)

<.001

1.30 (1.28, 1.32)

<.001

 Other

1.13 (1.06, 1.20)

<.001

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)

0.038

Length of Stay (per day)

1.02 (1.02, 1.02)

<.001

1.01 (1.01, 1.01)

<.001

Care intensity (ref = No)

 Non-invasive ventilation

1.16 (1.14, 1.18)

<.001

1.08 (1.06, 1.10)

<.001

 Mechanical ventilation

0.95 (0.92, 0.97)

<.001

0.82 (0.79, 0.84)

<.001

 Tracheostomy

1.02 (0.97, 1.09)

0.425

1.04 (0.99, 1.11)

0.133

 Cardiac arrest

0.82 (0.74, 0.91)

<.001

0.81 (0.74, 0.90)

<.001

 CPR

1.08 (0.95, 1.24)

0.242

1.09 (0.95, 1.24)

0.21

Hospital ownership (ref = government)

 Private, non-profit

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.437

0.98 (0.96, 1.00)

0.022

 Private, for-profit

1.04 (1.01, 1.06)

<.001

1.03 (1.01, 1.06)

0.002

Hospital teaching status (ref = Non-teaching)

 Teaching Hospital

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

0.423

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.902

Hospital location (ref = Large metro area)

 Small metro area

0.94 (0.92, 0.95)

<.001

0.93 (0.92, 0.95)

<.001

 Micropolitan area

0.89 (0.87, 0.91)

<.001

0.90 (0.88, 0.92)

<.001

 Rural

0.87 (0.84, 0.90)

<.001

0.89 (0.86, 0.92)

<.001

Hospital Bed Size (ref = Small)

 Medium

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.174

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.389

 Large

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

0.04

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.407

Annual Discharge (per 10 k)

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

0.13

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

0.012

Proportion of Medicaid patient days per 10%

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.531

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.872