Hospital competition and the expenses for treatments of acute and non-acute common diseases: evidence from China

Table 5 Association between hospital competition and total hospital charge with HHI as a categorical variable

	Surgical Group
	Prostatectomy		Appendectomy
Factors	Proportional Change (95% CI)	P Value	Proportional Change (95% CI)	P Value
Hospital Competition
Insufficient (high concentrated, HHI ≧ 0.25)	1[Reference]	NA	1[Reference]	NA
Moderate (moderately concentrated, 0.15 < HHI < 0.25)	−0.016	0.62	0.051	0.009
	(−0.048, 0.081)		(0.013, 0.089)
High (unconcentrated, HHI ≦0.15)	−0.642	< 0.001	0.090	< 0.001
	(−1.019, −0.265)		(0.046, 0.134)
Control Variables^a	Yes		Yes

Abbreviations: NA not applicable, HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; CI confidence interval
^aControl variables: gender, age, occupation, insurance, admission severity, whether in critical condition, admission approach, length of stay, hospital classification, hospital level, profit and ownership classification, urbanization rate, GDP per capita and a set of county dummies

ISSN: 1472-6963