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Table 4 Results of multivariable log-linear models of total hospital charge considering hospital level and interaction term of HHI and hospital level

From: Hospital competition and the expenses for treatments of acute and non-acute common diseases: evidence from China

Factor

Appendectomy

Prostatectomy

Proportional Change (95% CI)

P Value

Proportional Change (95% CI)

P Value

HHI

−0.344

<  0.001

0.992

<  0.001

(−0.517, − 0.237)

(0.407, 1.576)

Hospital level

 Primary

1[Reference]

 

1[Reference]

 

 Secondary

0.260

<  0.001

0.473

0.006

(0.166, 0.355)

(0.134, 0.812)

 Tertiary

0.594

<  0.001

0.693

<  0.001

(0.497, 0.691)

(0.354, 1.032)

 Ungraded

0.089

0.099

0.197

0.262

(−0.017, 0.196)

(−0.147, 0.542)

HHI*Hospital level

 HHI*Primary hospital

1[Reference]

 

1[Reference]

 

 HHI*Secondary hospital

0.282

0.136

−0.694

0.032

(−0.089, 0.652)

(−1.329, − 0.060)

 HHI*Tertiary hospital

−0.051

0.783

−0.990

0.002

(− 0.415, 0.313)

(−1.608, − 0.373)

 HHI*Ungraded hospital

0.287

0.161

−0.309

0.352

(−0.114, 0.688)

(−0.961, 0.343)

Control variablesa

Yes

 

Yes

 
  1. Abbreviations: HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index; CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted by the following control variables: gender, age, occupation, insurance, admission severity, critical condition, admission approach, length of stay, hospital classification, hospital level, profit and ownership classification, urbanization rate GDP per capita and a set of county dummies