From: Systematic review of the appropriateness of eye care delivery in eye care practice
Country | Year | Health Practitioner | Timing | Domain of care | Author (reference) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History taking | Physical examination | Management | Recall period | Referral | Patient education | |||||
Glaucoma | ||||||||||
 UK | 2013 | Ophthalmologist | All visits (at least up to 17.5 years) |  | 0,87% (1)a |  |  |  |  | Fung et al. [26] |
 UK | 2012 | Optometrist | First visit |  | 74–100% (6) | 96% (1) |  |  |  | Chawla et al. [27] |
First follow-up visit | 88% (1) | 94–100% (3) |  | 92% (2) |  |  | ||||
Ophthalmologist | First visit |  | 10–100% (6) | 100% (1) |  |  |  | |||
First follow-up visit | 24% (1) | 8–100% (3) |  | 66–86% (2) |  |  | ||||
 UK | 2012 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 70% (1)b 4–99% (6)c |  | Khan et al. [29] |
 UK | 2012 | Optometrist | Results of interview | 77% (1) | 19–98% (4) |  |  |  |  | Theodossiades et al. [31] |
First visit of standardised patient | 41% (1) | 3–100% (4) |  |  |  |  | ||||
 UK | 2011 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 23% (1) |  |  |  | Stead et al. [32] |
 UK | 2009 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 27–100% (14)c |  | Scully et al. [35] |
 UK | 2012 | Optometrist | First full visit |  | 91–98% (1) | 97% (1) |  | 87% (1)2 |  | Marks et al. [36] |
 UK | 2011 | Optometrist | All follow-up visits |  | 96% (1) | 99% (1) | 93% (1) |  |  | Ho and Vernon [37] |
 UK | 2011 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 25% (1)b |  | Shah and Murdoch [38] |
 UK | 2010 | Optometrist | All visits |  |  | 93% (1) | 86% (1) |  |  | Syam et al. [39] |
 UK | 2010 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 37% (1)b 72–99% (3)c |  | Lockwood et al. [40] |
 UK | 2007 | Optometrist | First visit |  |  | 85% (1) |  |  |  | Azuara-Blanco et al. [41] |
Ophthalmologist | First visit | Â | Â | 83% (1) | Â | Â | Â | |||
 UK | 2006 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 45% (1)b |  | Patel et al. [42] |
 UK | 2006 | Optometrist | All follow-up visit |  | 62–98% (5) | 72–97% (5) | 79% (1) |  |  | Banes et al. [43] |
Associate specialists | All follow-up visit |  | 54–100% (5) | 71–99% (5) | 73% (1) |  |  | |||
 USA | 2016 | Ophthalmologist | All follow-up visits |  |  | 68% (1) |  |  |  | Solano-Moncada et al. [45] |
 USA | 2016 | Ophthalmologist & optometrist | All visits within 2 years after glaucoma diagnosis |  | 27–74% (2) |  |  |  |  | Elam et al. [46] |
 USA | 2015 | Resident ophthalmologist | Third (or more) follow-up visit | 88% (1) | 62–100% (5) | 74% (1) |  |  |  | Zebardast et al. [48] |
Faculty ophthalmologist | Third (or more) follow-up visit | 100% (1) | 87–100% (5) | 100% (1) |  |  |  | |||
 USA | 2013 | Resident ophthalmologist | First follow-up visit | 49–97% (5) | 93–100% (4) | 82–100% (6) | 96–97% (2) | 16% (1) | 5% (1) | Ong et al. [50] |
 USA | 2012 | Ophthalmologist & optometrist | All visits within 3 years after glaucoma or glaucoma suspect diagnosis |  | 12–34% (2) |  |  |  |  | Swamy et al. [51] |
 USA | 2007 | Ophthalmologist | First claim for a prostaglandin prescription |  | 50–90% (5) | 19% (1) | 100% (1) |  | 38% (1) | Quigley et al. [52] |
 USA | 2006 | Ophthalmologist | All visits within 5 years before surgery for glaucoma |  | 49% (1) |  |  |  |  | Coleman et al. [54] |
 Australia & NZ | 2015 | Optometrist (Australia) | N/A | 99% (1) | 25–100% (10) |  |  |  |  | Zangerl et al. [56] |
Optometrist (NZ) | N/A | 100% (1) | 27–100% (10) |  |  |  |  | |||
 Australia & NZ | 2008 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  | 13–96% (4) |  |  |  |  | Liu [59] |
 Scotland | 2015 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis BEFORE guidelines published |  |  |  |  | 62% (1)b 33–85% (3)c |  | El-Assal et al. [61] |
Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis AFTER guidelines published |  |  |  |  | 76% (1)b 76–81% (3)c |  | ||||
 Scotland | 2009 | Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma progression BEFORE guidelines published |  |  |  |  | 18% (1)b 2–94% (7)c |  | Ang et al. [62] |
Referral letter for glaucoma progression AFTER guidelines published |  |  |  |  | 32% (1)b 24–93% (7)c |  | ||||
 Canada | 2014 | Ophthalmologist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 10–100% (16)c |  | Cheng et al. [64] |
Optometrist | Referral letter for glaucoma diagnosis |  |  |  |  | 7–100% (16)c |  | |||
 Germany | 2008 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 96% (1) |  |  |  | Vorwerk et al. [65] |
 Singapore | 2008 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  | 75–93% (2) |  |  |  |  | Ang et al. [67] |
Diabetic retinopathy | ||||||||||
 Australia | 2011 | Optometrist | N/A |  |  |  |  | 83–99% (2)b |  | Slater and Chakman [69] |
 Australia | 2011 | Optometrist | N/A | 43–96% (6) | 23–89% (2) |  | 6–98% (12)d |  |  | Ting et al. [71] |
 Australia | 2010 | Ophthalmologist | N/A | 41–55% (4) | 49–90% (2) | 56–94% (2) | 38–71% (10)d |  |  | Yuen et al. [72] |
 NZ | 2012 | Optometrist | Fundus screening visit |  |  |  |  | 60% (1)b |  | Hutchins et al. [74] |
 USA | 2012 | Ophthalmologist & optometrist | N/A |  | 71% (1) |  |  |  |  | Chou et al. [76] |
 USA | 2010 | Resident ophthalmologist | First ever diabetic retinopathy examination | 41–57% (5) | 0–100% (7) | 70–79% (2) | 69–70% (2) |  | 0–27% (3) | Tseng et al. [78] |
 Hong Kong | 2016 | General practitioner | N/A |  | 33% (1) |  | 27% (1) |  |  | Wong et al. [80] |
 Bahrain | 2014 | General practitioner at general practitioner clinic | All follow-up visits within previous 12 months |  | 0% (1)e |  |  |  |  | Al-Ubaidi et al. [82] |
General practitioner at diabetes care clinic | All follow-up visits within previous 12 months |  | 87% (1)e |  |  |  |  | |||
 Switzerland | 2013 | General practitioner | First hospitalisation |  | 31% (1)e |  |  |  |  | Burgmann et al. [84] |
 UK | 2011 | General practitioner | Second diabetic visit |  | 71% (1)e |  |  |  |  | Mc Hugh et al. [86] |
 Brazil | 2007 | General practitioner | N/A |  | 34–87% (2)e |  |  |  |  | Preti et al. [88] |
Age-related Macular Degeneration | ||||||||||
 Italy | 2016 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 44% (1) |  |  |  | Parodi et al. [93] |
 Turkey | 2015 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 23% (1) |  |  |  | Muhammed et al. [95] |
 UK | 2013 | Ophthalmologist & optometrist | N/A | 21–32% (2) |  | 28–70% (5) |  |  | 49% (1) | Lawrenson and Evans [100] |
 USA | 2008 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 76% (1) |  |  |  | Charkoudian et al. [103] |
Cataract | ||||||||||
 UK | 2011 | Ophthalmologist | N/A |  |  | 51–99% (3) |  |  |  | Gomaa and Liu [105] |
 UK | 2009 | Optometrist | Referral letter for cataract surgery |  |  |  |  | 0–100% (10)c |  | Park et al. [107] |
General practitioner | Referral letter for cataract surgery |  |  |  |  | 0–100% (10)c |  | |||
 UK | 2006 | Optometrist | Referral letter for cataract surgery |  |  |  |  | 48% (1)c |  | Lash et al. [109] |
 USA | 2009 | Resident ophthalmologist | Preoperative care visits for first cataract surgery | 73–100% (4) | 59–100% (9) | 0–100% (9) |  |  |  | Niemiec et al. [111] |
All postoperative follow-up visits for first cataract surgery | 14–78% (6) | 77–100% (7) | 98% (1) | 98% (1) | 43% (1)b | 98% (1) | ||||
Preventative eye care | ||||||||||
 UK | 2009 | Optometrist | First visit | 95% (1) | 0–100% (5) |  |  |  |  | Shah et al. [115] |
 UK | 2009 | Optometrist | First visit | 26–87% (8) | 24–99% (10) | 29% (1) |  |  |  | Shah et al. [118] |
 UK | 2008 | Optometrist | First visit | 1–100% (14) | 59–100% (8) | 14–80% (6) |  |  |  | Shah et al. [120] |
 Australia | 2015 | Optometrist | N/A | 47–55% (2) |  | 62–80% (2) |  |  |  | Downie and Keller [129] |
Dry eye | ||||||||||
 Australia | 2013 | Optometrist | N/A |  | 4–93% (3) |  |  |  |  | Downie et al. [132] |
 USA | 2010 | Ophthalmologist | Initial diagnosis visit BEFORE guidelines revised | 6–99% (12) | 6–100% (12) | 5–90% (5) |  | 48% (1)b | 47–89% (3) | Lin et al. [134] |
Initial diagnosis visit AFTER guidelines revised | 6–100% (16) | 6–100% (13) | 0–100% (7) |  | 33% (1)b | 33–89% (4) | ||||
All ocular conditions at A&E | ||||||||||
 UK | 2007 | Optometrist | First visit |  |  |  |  | 91% (1) |  | Hau et al. [135] |
Amblyopia | ||||||||||
 USA | 2013 | Ophthalmologist | Initial visit |  |  | 12–24% (2) |  |  |  | Jin et al. [138] |
Esotropia | ||||||||||
 USA | 2010 | Ophthalmologist | Initial esotropia evaluation | 64% (4)f | 99.6% (6)f | 94% (4)f |  |  | 94% (2)f | Gupta et al. [140] |
 | 70% (4)g | 90% (6)g | 94% (4)g |  |  | 94% (4)g | ||||
Non-infectious uveitis | ||||||||||
 USA | 2011 | Ophthalmologist & rheumatologist | All visits since initial diagnosis |  |  | 12–23% (2) |  |  |  | Nguyen et al. [142] |