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Table 3 Multivariable associations of patient characteristics with offering of take home naloxone during ED visits for opioid overdose, without multiple imputation

From: Patient characteristics associated with being offered take home naloxone in a busy, urban emergency department: a retrospective chart review

Visit Characteristic (n = 334)

Adjusted OR [95% CI]**

P-value

Male sex

1.94 [1.10,3.41]

0.022*

Age (n = 341)

1.00 [0.98,1.02]

0.93

Mental Health disorder

1.15 [0.61,2.15]

0.67

Opioid agonist therapy

0.30 [0.04,2.44]

0.26

Any current opioid prescription at time of ED visit

0.44 [0.21,0.92]

0.029*

Primary opioid intoxicant (n = 263)†

 Pharmaceutical opioid- oral

ref

 

 Pharmaceutical opioid- smoked

1.14 [0.25,5.26]

0.87

 Pharmaceutical opioid-injected

1.43 [0.34,6.01]

0.63

 Illegal opioid- oral

1.26 [0.33,4.83]

0.74

 Illegal opioid- smoked

3.65 [1.35,9.88]

0.011*

 Illegal opioid- injected

5.47 [2.07,14.5]

0.001*

 Missing

1.61 [0.63,4.08]

0.32

Overdosed in public (n = 337)

0.64 [0.35,1.15]

0.13

Overdosed intentionally (n = 340)

0.47 [0.17,1.31]

0.15

Pre-hospital GCS (n = 291)††

 Severe (3–8)

3.57 [1.62,7.83]

0.002*

 Moderate (9–13)

1.39 [0.39,4.98]

0.62

 Mild (14, 15)

Ref

 

 Missing

3.64 [1.40,9.42]

0.008*

Left without treatment/ before treatment completion

0.18 [0.06,0.57]

0.003*

Admitted to hospital

0.40 [0.19,0.83]

0.014*

  1. †Overall P-value 0.003
  2. ††Overall p-value 0.006
  3. *Statistically significant at the level of 0.05
  4. **Odds ratio of being offered take home naloxone for each independent variable, adjusted for all other variables in the model