Visit Characteristic (n = 342)*** | Number of ED visits (%) | Unadjusted OR [95% CI]** | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 342) | Offered THN (n = 168) | Not offered THN (n = 174) | |||
Patient characteristics | |||||
Male sex | 234 (68.4) | 129 (76.8) | 105 (60.3) | 2.06 [1.27,3.34] | 0.004* |
Age (n = 341) (Mean, SD) | 38.2 (14.0) | 35.3 (11.1) | 40.9 (15.8) | 0.97 [0.96,0.99] | < 0.001* |
Resident of inner city† (n = 339) | 102 (30.1) | 50 (30.1) | 52 (30.1) | 1.04 [0.66,1.65] | 0.86 |
No fixed address (n = 339)†† | 23 (6.8) | 12 (7.2) | 11 (6.4) | 1.03 [0.39,2.67] | 0.96 |
Mental health disorder¥ | 97 (28.4) | 37 (22.0) | 60 (34.5) | 0.62 [0.38,1.01] | 0.054* |
Current prescription medications | |||||
Opioid agonist therapy§ | 9 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | 8 (4.6) | 0.15 [0.02,0.91] | 0.04* |
Any current opioid prescription\( \mathsf{\varPsi} \) | 73 (21.4) | 21 (12.5) | 52 (29.9) | 0.37 [0.22,0.65] | < 0.001* |
Overdose details | |||||
Primary opioid intoxicant (n = 263)a | |||||
Pharmaceutical opioid- oral¶ | 77 (29.3) | 14 (10.5) | 63 (48.8) | ref | |
Pharmaceutical opioid- smoked | 7 (2.7) | 3 (2.3) | 4 (3.1) | 3.60 [0.72,18.1] | 0.12 |
Pharmaceutical opioid- injected | 16 (6.1) | 5 (3.8) | 11 (8.5) | 2.11 [0.62,7.14] | 0.23 |
Illegal opioid- oral | 12 (4.6) | 5 (3.8) | 7 (5.4) | 3.39 [0.91,12.7] | 0.070 |
Illegal opioid- smoked | 66 (25.1) | 44 (33.1) | 22 (16.9) | 9.97 [4.66,21.3] | < 0.001* |
Illegal opioid- injected | 85 (32.3) | 62 (46.6) | 23 (17.7) | 15.1 [6.61,34.3] | < 0.001* |
Overdosed in public (n = 337) | 102 (30.3) | 40 (24.1) | 62 (36.3) | 0.62 [0.39,0.99] | 0.043* |
Overdose intentional (n = 340) | 28 (8.2) | 6 (3.6) | 22 (12.8) | 0.30 [0.13,0.65] | 0.002* |
Glasgow Coma Scale Score (n = 291)a | |||||
Severe (3–8) | 210 (72.2) | 127 (88.2) | 83 (56.5) | 5.60 [2.76,11.3] | < 0.001* |
Moderate (9–13) | 27 (9.3) | 6 (4.2) | 21 (14.3) | 1.11 [0.37,3.30] | 0.85 |
Mild (14-15) | 54 (18.6) | 11 (7.6) | 43 (29.3) | ref | |
EMS & ED care | |||||
Admitted to hospital | 56 (16.4) | 15 (8.9) | 41 (23.6) | 0.35 [0.19,0.65] | 0.001* |
Left against medical advice‡ | 34 (9.9) | 14 (8.3) | 20 (11.5) | 0.72 [0.33,1.57] | 0.40 |
Left without treatment/before treatment complete‡‡ | 29 (8.5) | 6 (3.6) | 23 (13.2) | 0.19 [0.07,0.53] | 0.002* |
Time day at ED presentationb | |||||
0:01–8:00 | 94 (27.5) | 47 (28.0) | 47 (27.0) | ref | |
8:01–16:00 | 108 (31.6) | 49 (29.2) | 59 (33.9) | 0.92 [0.54,1.59] | 0.77 |
16:01–24:00 | 140 (40.9) | 72 (42.9) | 68 (39.1) | 1.10 [0.65,1.84] | 0.73 |
Time of day at dischargec | |||||
0:01–8:00 | 121 (35.4) | 58 (34.5) | 63 (36.2) | ref | |
8:01–16:00 | 94 (27.5) | 53 (31.5) | 41 (23.6) | 1.43 [0.82,2.50] | 0.21 |
16:01–24:00 | 127 (37.1) | 57 (33.9) | 70 (40.2) | 0.94 [0.55,1.59] | 0.82 |
ED visit during weekend | 102 (29.8) | 49 (29.2) | 53 (30.5) | 0.99 [0.61,1.59] | 0.96 |
Length of ED stay (median, IQR) | 5.5 (3.3,9.2) | 4.52 (2.7,7.6) | 6.45 (3.9,11.0) | 0.98 [0.95,1.01] | 0.20 |