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Table 4 Characteristics of area-level factors in health centre areas by clusters in 1996–2013 (mean ± SE)

From: Trajectory modelling of ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Finland in 1996–2013: assessing the development of equity in primary health care through clustering of geographic areas – an observational retrospective study

 

Men

Women

Clusters

SW

C

N

SW

C

N

Health centre areas (n)

59

55

17

65

45

21

Healthcare-dependant factors

 Inpatient primary health care periods per 1000 inhabitants

30

± 0.5

70

± 1.1

98

± 2.4

43

± 0.7

92

± 1.4

114

± 2.5

 Reimbursed private dental care visits per 1000 inhabitants

460

± 6

290

± 5

210

± 6

450

± 6

270

± 6

210

± 6

 Proportion of people reimbursed for private health care use (%)

23

± 0.1

17

± 0.1

13

± 0.2

37

± 0.2

31

± 0.2

23

± 0.2

Populations sociodemographic characteristics

 Proportion of population aged ≥65 (%)

21

± 0.1

24

± 0.1

21

± 0.3

21

± 0.1

24

± 0.2

22

± 0.2

 Proportion of population with tertiary education (%)

24

± 0.2

18

± 0.2

17

± 0.3

23

± 0.2

18

± 0.2

17

± 0.3

Municipal characteristics

 Degree of urbanization (%)

80

± 0.4

70

± 0.4

57

± 0.7

80

± 0.5

70

± 0.4

65

± 0.8

Other health-related factors

 Morbidity index

94

± 0.4

112

± 0.6

120

± 0.9

95

± 0.4

112

± 0.7

120

± 0.9

 Pensioner’s care allowance of recipients aged ≥65 per 1000 inhabitants of the same age

108

± 1

144

± 1

169

± 2

171

± 2

221

± 2

248

± 2

  1. All the differences between group averages (tested with ANOVA) were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) for every area-level factor
  2. SW = southwestern cluster
  3. C = central cluster
  4. N = northern cluster