From: Economic evaluation of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Indonesia
Parameters | Distribution | Mean | SE | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Probability of switching FC in a patient receiving standard treatment (per 3 months) | ||||
 FC I to FC II | Beta | 0.127 | 0.044 | [11] |
 FC II to FC I | Beta | 0.125 | 0.033 | |
 FC II to FC III | Beta | 0.127 | 0.044 | |
 FC III to FC II | Beta | 0.125 | 0.033 | |
 FC III to FC IV | Beta | 0.094 | 0.029 | |
 FC IV to FC III | Beta | 0.025 | 0.023 | |
Probability of death of PAH patient (standard treatment or pulmonary selective drug) | ||||
 Probability of death in FC I | Beta | 0.002 | 0.009 | [16] |
 Probability of death in FC II | Beta | 0.013 | 0.009 | |
 Probability of death in FC III | Beta | 0.016 | 0.011 | |
 Probability of death in FC IV | Beta | 0.240 | 0.065 | |
Relative risk (RR) of switching FC (compared with standard treatment) | ||||
 Sildenafil (FC worsening)a | Beta | 0.43 | 0.380 | [13] |
 Sildenafil (FC improvement)b | Beta | 4.23 | 2.043 | |
 Beraprost (FC worsening)a | Beta | 0.10 | 0.199 | [15] |
 Beraprost (FC improvement)b | Beta | 0.93 | 0.612 | |
Direct medical cost (excluding pulmonary selective drug cost) | ||||
 Number of hospital admissions in FC I (per 3 months) | Gamma | 0.24 | 0.03 | Patient interviews using questionnaire |
 Number of hospital admissions in FC II (per 3 months) | Gamma | 0.33 | 0.13 | |
 Number of hospital admissions in FC III (per 3 months) | Gamma | 0.20 | 0.07 | |
 Number of hospital admissions in FC IV (per 3 months) | Gamma | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
 Number of outpatient visits in FC I (per 3 months) | Gamma | 5.89 | 0.48 | |
 Number of outpatient visits in FC II (per 3 months) | Gamma | 4.89 | 0.47 | |
 Number of outpatient visits in FC III (per 3 months) | Gamma | 3.00 | 0.47 | |
 Cost of hospital admission (per admission) | Gamma | 808 | 143 | Hospital billing |
 Cost of outpatient visit (per visit) | Gamma | 21 | 2 | |
 Total direct medical cost of patient in FC I (USD per 3 months) | – | 317 | – | Patient interviews and hospital billing |
 Total direct medical cost of patient in FC II (USD per 3 months) | – | 368 | – | |
 Total direct medical cost of patient in FC III (USD per 3 months) | – | 224 | – | |
 Total direct medical cost of patient in FC IV (USD per 3 months) | – | 404 | – | |
Cost of pulmonary selective drug (USD per 3 months) | ||||
 Cost of beraprost (originator price) | – | 88 | – | Hospital billing |
 Cost of sildenafil (generic price) | – | 92 | – | |
Direct nonmedical cost (USD per 3 months) | ||||
 Direct nonmedical cost in FC I | Gamma | 136 | 27 | Patient interviews using questionnaire |
 Direct nonmedical cost in FC II | Gamma | 110 | 24 | |
 Direct nonmedical cost in FC III | Gamma | 158 | 64 | |
 Direct nonmedical cost in FC IV | Gamma | 364 | 364 | |
Utility | ||||
 Utility of FC I | Beta | 0.74 | 0.04 | Patient interviews using questionnaire |
 Utility of FC II | Beta | 0.71 | 0.04 | |
 Utility of FC III | Beta | 0.56 | 0.03 | |
 Utility of FC IV | Beta | 0.51 | 0.04 |