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Table 2 Self-rated capacity levels of primary health care providers of the seven countries(n = 606)

From: The knowledge, ability, and skills of primary health care providers in SEANERN countries: a multi-national cross-sectional study

Components of PHC

Dimensions

KnowledgeaMean ± SD

Skill b Mean ± SD

Abilityc Mean ± SD

Health education (C1)

3.11 ± 1.12

3.16 ± 1.15

3.06 ± 1.15

Nutritional promotion (C2)

2.89 ± 1.20

2.76 ± 1.17

2.71 ± 1.16

Supply of adequate safe water & sanitation (C3)

2.80 ± 1.32

2.66 ± 1.32

2.67 ± 1.29

Maternal & child health care (C4)

3.04 ± 1.27

2.93 ± 1.21

2.96 ± 1.25

Immunization (C5)

2.99 ± 1.31

2.95 ± 1.28

2.94 ± 1.26

Prevention & control of locally endemic diseases (C6)

2.78 ± 1.28

2.82 ± 1.26

2.75 ± 1.24

Appropriate treatment of common diseases & injuries (C7)

2.98 ± 1.29

2.95 ± 1.26

2.90 ± 1.26

Provision of essential drugs (C8)

2.90 ± 1.27

2.91 ± 1.18

2.85 ± 1.18

  1. Note: Mean scores were rated on the scales which ranges from 1 to 5, with 1 being worst, and 5 being best
  2. Based on independent two samples t-test and ANOVA (including LSD post hoc analysis), we found that:
  3. a For knowledge dimension, there were no differences in all the eight components between the two genders; there were differences in all the eight components (C1-C8) among different titles, and PCH providers with medium title all scored the best; there were differences in all the eight components (C1-C8) among different job categories, with pharmacists scoring the worst in seven components (C1-C7), and nurses scoring higher than physicians in five components (C2-C6)
  4. bFor skill dimension, female PHC providers scored higher than male in one component (C4); there were differences in all the eight components (C1-C8) among different titles, and PCH providers with medium title all scored the best; there were differences in all the eight components (C1-C8) among different job categories, with pharmacists scoring the worst in seven components (C1-C7), and nurses scoring higher than physicians in six components (C1-C6)
  5. cFor ability dimension, female PHC providers scored higher than male in two components (C1, C4); there were differences in seven components (C1-C2, C4-C8) among different titles, and PCH providers with medium title all scored the best; there were differences in all the eight components (C1-C8) among different job categories, with pharmacists scoring the worst in seven components (C1-C7), and nurses scoring higher than physicians in three components (C3-C5)
  6. Abbreviations: ANOVA Analysis of Variance (ANOVA);
  7. LSD Least Significant Difference;
  8. PHC Primary Health Care
  9. SD Standard Deviation