Table 2 Characteristics and finding of studies included in this scoping review
Author and year | Target Population | Type of POC diagnostic | Supply chain management measures reported | Desirable outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alemnji et al., 2011 [56] | General population | HIV | Challenges in procurement, reagent inventory and stock maintenance; timely and quality testing; and challenges with who manages the supply chain systems | Affected confidence in test results and patient care; huge challenges with accessing testing services when services are available at the national level. |
Ansbro et al., 2015 [51] | Pregnant women | Syphilis RSTs | Quality assurance activities and supervision | Reduced clinic waiting time, travel time and increased case detection and treatment, Acceptability and usability of RST kits and quality assurance activities, supply of RST kits less reliable, and stock-out |
Bonawitz et al., 2015 [47] | Pregnant women | Syphilis RSTs | None reported | High levels to complete stock-outs at baseline, midline and end line periods over several weeks |
Hamer et al., 2012 [43] | children < 5 years | Malaria RDTs | Transparent record keeping, adequate supplies, stock management, daily registers and periodic reconciliation of stocks, and ensuring that none had passed their expiration dates | Availability and use of malaria RDTs with over 98% accountability of the RDTs |
Hasselback et al., 2014 [48] | General population | Malaria RDTs | Analysis of distribution system characteristics | High levels of stock-out |
Kyabayinze et al., 2012 [45] | General population | Malaria Microscopy and RDTs | None reported | limited availability of RDTs, limited use of RDTs, lack storage space, and lack of glucometers |
Mabey et al., 2012 [49] | Pregnant women and Sexually active populations | Syphilis RDTs | Training in stock management, record keeping, and quality control, monitoring supply chain problems and provision of sustainable solutions in case of stock-outs | improve access, increase antenatal clinic attendance, availability and use of RSTs |
McGuire et al., 2014 [55] | General population | Diabetes, Blood Pressure, and Dyslipidemia assays | Reported frequent challenges with distribution of devices | Stock-outs and limited use of devices |
Peeling, 2015 | General population | Not specified | Called for redistribution when necessary | Prevent diagnostics from expiring |
Peeling and Ronald, 2009 [54] | General population | Not specified | Reported supply chain failure | Test stock-outs |
Shott et al., 2012 [53] | General population | HIV | Challenges with quality management (QM)systems | Good QM ensures accuracy of devices; transform the availability of tests in real time; and inform proper patient care. |
Smith et al., 2015 [44] | Pregnant women | HIV, Syphilis, and HBV RDTs | No supply chain management measures | Increased coverage increase uptake, test stock-outs, limited uptake, and low testing |
Stevens et al., 2014 [52] | General population | HIV viral load | Raises challenges with reimbursement, quality monitoring, lack guideline and regulations | Where VL testing is available, frequency of CD4 monitoring is reduces or stopped altogether |
Thairu et al., 2011 [50] | General population | HIV (CD4 testing with Guava EasyCD4 | Guava offered to provide a robust supply chain for reagents and maintenance | Increase access to CD4 testing, low repeated testing, poor stock management, tardy response from Guava resulting in lost operating time |
Jaya et al., 2017 [46] | Clinics | HIV rapid testing kits | Compliance to guidelines for purchasing and inventory. | HIV rapid test kits shortage in 4 clinics |