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Table 4 Results of the cost-effectiveness analysis

From: Cost-effectiveness analysis of escalating to natalizumab or switching among immunomodulators in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Italy

Type of costs

ESC

(B), €

SWI

(A), €

Absolute difference

(B-A), €

Relative difference

(B/A), %

 Treatment costs (€) + Administration costs (€)

327,938

236,288

91,650

38.79%

 Monitoring costs (€)

7335

6278

1057

16.84%

 Relapse costs (€)

41,938

57,350

−15,412

−26.87%

 Adverse event costs (€)

1472

913

559

61.19%

 EDSS direct costs (€)

42,881

57,884

−15,003

−25.92%

 EDSS indirect costs (€)

278,113

359,891

−81,778

−22.72%

 Total direct costs (€)

421,563

358,713

62,850

17.52%

 Total social costs (€)

699,676

718,604

−18,928

−2.63%

Outcomes

ESC

(B)

SWI

(A)

Absolute difference

(B-A)

Relative difference (B/A), %

 Total QALYs

11.19

9.67

1.52

15.73%

 Total LYs

20.10

19.67

0.43

2.20%

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)

Escalation (B) vs. Switching (A):

Cost per outcome gained

QALYs (social cost)

(ESC DOMINANT)

LYs (social cost)

(ESC DOMINANT)

  1. SWI switching (group), ESC escalation (group), EDSS expanded disability status scale, QALY quality-adjusted life year, LY life year