Table 2 Characteristics of Year 1 high utilizer (HU) groups
|  | Total (N = 388,162) | Non-HU (N = 322,905) | Cost (N = 14,647) | LOS (N = 217) | SOC (N = 26,179) | LOS-SOC (N = 44) | Cost-LOS (N = 6008) | Cost-SOC (N = 12,892) | Cost-LOS-SOC (N = 5270) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at first visit | 38 (27–53) | 36 (27–50) | 55 (44–67) | 55 (33–76) | 36 (28–53) | 32 (27–42) | 66 (51–77) | 51 (37–63) | 58 (47–69) |
PPSa, median (IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 2 (0–4) | 15 (10–22) | 9 (6–13) | 7 (3–11) | 6 (4–8) | 25 (17–40) | 14 (9–20) | 29 (20–41) |
N = 354,569 | N = 292,096 | N = 14,622 |  | N = 23,469 |  |  | N = 12,843 |  | |
CCMIb, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–5) |
Gender | |||||||||
 Female | 162,057 (41.7%) | 130,395 (40.4%) | 4615 (31.5%) | 132 (60.8%) | 16,404 (62.7%) | 20 (45.5%) | 2415 (40.2%) | 6104 (47.3%) | 1972 (37.4%) |
 Male | 226,105 (58.3%) | 192,510 (59.6%) | 10,032 (68.5%) | 85 (39.2%) | 9775 (37.3%) | 24 (54.5%) | 3593 (59.8%) | 6788 (52.7%) | 3298 (62.6%) |
Race | |||||||||
 Chinese | 226,849 (58.4%) | 187,417 (58.0%) | 8548 (58.4%) | 158 (72.8%) | 15,376 (58.7%) | 29 (65.9%) | 3750 (62.4%) | 8110 (62.9%) | 3461 (65.7%) |
 Indian | 50,475 (13.0%) | 42,748 (13.2%) | 1482 (10.1%) | 21 (9.7%) | 4131 (15.8%) | 4 (9.1%) | 513 (8.5%) | 1172 (9.1%) | 404 (7.7%) |
 Malay | 45,709 (11.8%) | 38,062 (11.8%) | 1926 (13.1%) | 15 (6.9%) | 2806 (10.7%) | 5 (11.4%) | 933 (15.5%) | 1270 (9.9%) | 692 (13.1%) |
 Others | 65,129 (16.8%) | 54,678 (16.9%) | 2691 (18.4%) | 23 (10.6%) | 3866 (14.8%) | 6 (13.6%) | 812 (13.5%) | 2340 (18.2%) | 713 (13.5%) |
Treatment type | |||||||||
 Subsidised only | 263,111 (67.8%) | 231,507 (71.7%) | 8180 (55.8%) | 167 (77.0%) | 10,754 (41.1%) | 23 (52.3%) | 4403 (73.3%) | 4987 (38.7%) | 3090 (58.6%) |
 Unsubsidised only | 53,331 (13.7%) | 37,901 (11.7%) | 2885 (19.7%) | 1 (0.5%) | 8110 (31.0%) | 2 (4.5%) | 439 (7.3%) | 3598 (27.9%) | 395 (7.5%) |
 Both subsidised and unsubsidised | 71,720 (18.5%) | 53,497 (16.6%) | 3582 (24.5%) | 49 (22.6%) | 7315 (27.9%) | 19 (43.2%) | 1166 (19.4%) | 4307 (33.4%) | 1785 (33.9%) |
Housing type | |||||||||
 1/2-room flats | 10,106 (2.6%) | 8087 (2.5%) | 577 (3.9%) | 7 (3.2%) | 550 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 375 (6.2%) | 289 (2.2%) | 221 (4.2%) |
 3-room flats and larger | 245,741 (63.3%) | 202,252 (62.6%) | 9093 (62.1%) | 163 (75.1%) | 18,680 (71.4%) | 32 (72.7%) | 3956 (65.8%) | 7872 (61.1%) | 3693 (70.1%) |
 Private | 45,714 (11.8%) | 37,736 (11.7%) | 1414 (9.7%) | 14 (6.5%) | 3838 (14.7%) | 3 (6.8%) | 427 (7.1%) | 1857 (14.4%) | 425 (8.1%) |
 Unknown | 86,601 (22.3%) | 74,830 (23.2%) | 3563 (24.3%) | 33 (15.2%) | 3111 (11.9%) | 9 (20.5%) | 1250 (20.8%) | 2874 (22.3%) | 931 (17.7%) |
 Death | 8722 (47.5%) | 4625 (1.4%) | 1460 (10.0%) | 20 (9.2%) | 90 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1626 (27.1%) | 247 (1.9%) | 654 (12.4%) |
 Persistence of HU | 16,052 (4.1%) | 7108 (2.2%) | 774 (5.3%) | 19 (8.8%) | 3819 (14.6%) | 11 (25.0%) | 651 (10.8%) | 3244 (25.2%) | 1863 (35.4%) |