From: Exploring variation in low-value care: a multilevel modelling study
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model purpose | Base for comparing effects of adding levels | Effect of adding hospital to M1 | Effect of adding LHD to M1 | Effect of adding SLA to M1 | 1. Additional effect of including all 3 levels 2. Contribution of each level to variation in odds of receiving low value care | Effect of adding level-specific variables |
Assess using | – | Increase in c statistic vs M1 | Increase in c statistic vs M1 | Increase in c statistic vs M1 | 1. Increase in c statistic vs M2, M3, and M4; 2. VPC, MOR | IOR80 OR |
Variables includedb | ||||||
Levels | ||||||
Hospital | X | X | X | |||
LHD | X | Xa | Xa | |||
SLA | X | X | X | |||
Episode variables | ||||||
Age | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Sex | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Charlson | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Private patient | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Emergency care | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Financial year | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Hospital variables | ||||||
Hospital peer group | X | |||||
Procedures episodes as proportion total episodes | X | |||||
LHD variables | ||||||
Rural/metropolitan | X | |||||
SLA variables | ||||||
IRSAD quintile | X | |||||
Remoteness category | X | |||||
Population prevalence of low-value indication | X |