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Table 1 Average percent positive dimension score of all respondents(N = 377)

From: Relationships between dental hygienists’ work environment and patient safety culture

Dimension

Positive response rate

Mean ± SD

A. Patient safety policy across hospital units (Cronbach’s α = 0.77)

65.1%

3.69 ± 0.54

1–1 Things “fall between the cracks” when transferring patients from one unit to another+

70.3%

3.78 ± 0.79

1–2 Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes+

77.7%

3.90 ± 0.78

1–3 Problems often occur in exchange of information across hospital units+

55.4

3.56 ± 0.87

1–4 Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other+

70.0%

3.79 ± 0.79

1–5 There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together

56.2%

3.52 ± 0.94

1–6 It is often unpleasant to work with staff from other hospital units+

68.4%

3.77 ± 0.90

1–7 Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients

65.8%

3.73 ± 0.88

1–8 Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens+

56.8%

3.51 ± 1.01

B. Feedback and openness of communication for patient safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.81)

55.7%

3.55 ± 0.61

2–1 We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports

49.3%

3.47 ± 0.84

2–2 We are informed about errors that happen in this unit

35.3%

3.18 ± 0.84

2–3 In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again

45.9%

3.35 ± 0.85

2–4 Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care

75.9%

3.87 ± 0.73

2–5 Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority

72.1%

3.88 ± 0.80

C. Supervisor /manager democratic expectation/actions (Cronbach’s α = 0.62)

59.6%

3.58 ± 0.63

3–1 My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures

40.8%

3.22 ± 0.89

3–2 My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety

63.7%

3.60 ± 0.79

3–3 My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over+

74.3%

3.91 ± 0.84

D. Frequency of events reported (Cronbach’s α = 0.88)

21.6%

2.68 ± 0.94

4–1 When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected before affecting the patient, how often is this reported?

29.4%

2.92 ± 1.04

4–2 When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported?

18.6%

2.56 ± 1.06

4–3 When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported?

16.7%

2.55 ± 1.03

E. Teamwork within units for patient safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.75)

64%

3.65 ± 0.61

5–1 People support one another in this unit

73.5%

3.83 ± 0.67

5–2 When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to gets the work done

77.2%

3.90 ± 0.73

5–3 In this unit, people treat each other with respect

72.1%

3.84 ± 0.79

5–4 We have enough staff to handle the workload

33.2%

3.04 ± 0.98

F. System and procedure for patient safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.69)

43.6%

3.28 ± 0.59

6–1 We are actively doing things to improve patient safety

58.1%

3.58 ± 0.82

6–2 After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness

41.6%

3.22 ± 0.99

6–3 When an event is reported, it feels like the person in being written up, not the problem+

39.5%

3.18 ± 0.94

6–4 We work in “crisis mode” trying to do too much, too quickly+

33.2%

3.04 ± 0.97

6–5 Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening

44.6%

3.34 ± 0.81

6–6 Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care+

44.8%

3.30 ± 1.13

G. Strict manager response to error (Cronbach’s α = 0.64)

54.3%

3.50 ± 0.70

7–1 Staff are afraid to ask question the when something does not seem right+

49.9%

3.40 ± 0.99

7–2 Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety

55.2%

3.51 ± 0.84

7–3 The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority

57.8%

3.59 ± 0.92

H. Concern for error (Cronbach’s α = 0.85)

39.4%

3.20 ± 1.03

8–1 Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them+

44.0%

3.31 ± 1.10

8–2 Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file+

34.7%

3.10 ± 1.11

  1. * by Descriptive Statistics, +inverse coding