Evaluation of facility and community-based active household tuberculosis contact investigation in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Factors associated with active TB diagnosis among HHCs in Amhara^a

	No TB	TB	OR (CI)^b	Adjusted OR (CI)^c
Host risk factors
Nutritional status
No malnutrition	1083 (73)	8 (42)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Malnutrition	404 (27)	11 (58)	3.69 (1.19–11.44)	3.39 (1.19–9.64)
Immuno-deficiency^d
Absent	1450 (97)	16 (84)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Present	40 (3)	3 (16)	6.80 (1.90–24.34)	3.70 (0.86–15.87)
Environmental risk factors
TB diagnosis in index case
EPTB	1009 (68)	12 (63)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
SS+ TB	134 (9)	6 (32)	3.77 (1.06–13.34)	7.43 (1.64–33.73)
Clinically Dx TB	347 (23)	1 (5)	0.24 (0.03–1.87)	0.43 (0.05–3.68)
HHC relationship to index case
Other	598 (40)	13 (68)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Offspring/spouse	892 (60)	6 (32)	0.31 (0.11–0.89)	0.39 (0.15–1.02)
Household sleeps in same room as livestock
No	1085 (73)	9 (47)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Yes	405 (27)	10 (53)	2.98 (1.05–8.48)	3.36 (0.92–12.28)
TB history in household
No	1336 (90)	12 (63)	1.0 (ref)	1.0 (ref)
Yes	154 (10)	7 (37)	5.06 (1.77–14.44)	4.18 (1.51–11.55)

Abbreviations: TB tuberculosis, EPTB extra-pulmonary TB, SS+ PTB sputum smear positive pulmonary TB, Dx diagnosed
^aPresented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated
^bBivariate GEE analysis, bold indicates statistical significance at p < 0.1
^cMultivariate GEE analysis, bold indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05
^dSelf-reported; includes HIV, severe kidney disease, diabetes, previous or current cancer treatment, previous TB disease, and symptoms/signs of primary immunodeficiency (e.g., recurrent or chronic infections)

ISSN: 1472-6963