| Stayed in public rental flat (n = 10,400) | Not stayed in public rental flat (n = 136,705) | All (n = 147,105) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patient Demographics in Year 2012 | ||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 54.8 (18.0) | 49.8 (17.1) | 50.2 (17.2) | < 0.001 |
Gender | < 0.001 | |||
 Female (%) | 5121 (49.2) | 79,813 (58.4) | 84,934 (57.7) |  |
 Male (%) | 5279 (50.8) | 56,892 (41.6) | 62,171 (42.3) |  |
Ethnicity | < 0.001 | |||
 Chinese (%) | 6367 (61.3) | 109,089 (79.8) | 115,456 (78.5) |  |
 Indian (%) | 1185 (10.0) | 10,078 (7.4) | 11,263 (7.7) |  |
 Malay (%) | 2526 (24.3) | 12,056 (8.8) | 14,582 (9.9) |  |
 Others (%) | 322 (3.1) | 5482 (4.0) | 5804 (3.9) |  |
 Deaths (%) | 1063 (10.2) | 5659 (4.1) | 6722 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Medical Comorbidities in Year 2012 | ||||
 Diabetes without complications (%) | 2023 (19.5) | 18,785 (13.7) | 20,808 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
 Hypertension (%) | 3983 (38.3) | 39,074 (28.6) | 43,057 (29.3) | < 0.001 |
 Hyperlipidemia (%) | 3503 (33.7) | 38,934 (28.5) | 42,437 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
 Asthma (%) | 708 (6.8) | 4250 (3.1) | 4958 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (%) | 700 (6.7) | 2385 (1.7) | 3085 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with cor pulmonale (%) | 603 (5.8) | 1971 (1.4) | 2574 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
 Osteoarthritis (%) | 1626 (15.6) | 15,161 (11.1) | 16,787 (11.4) | < 0.001 |
 Hyperthyroidism (%) | 69 (0.7) | 1121 (0.8) | 1190 (0.8) | 0.086 |
 Hypothyroidism (%) | 132 (1.3) | 1782 (1.3) | 1914 (1.3) | 0.766 |
 Diabetes with complications (%) | 279 (2.7) | 1890 (1.3) | 2169 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
 Cerebrovascular accident (%) | 689 (6.6) | 4484 (3.3) | 5173 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–4 (%) | 486 (4.7) | 4128 (3.0) | 4614 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic kidney disease stage V or End-stage renal failure (%) | 268 (2.6) | 1539 (1.8) | 1807 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
 Depression (%) | 401 (3.9) | 2409 (1.8) | 2810 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
 Schizophrenia (%) | 151 (1.5) | 410 (0.3) | 561 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
 Dementia (%) | 63 (0.6) | 450 (0.3) | 513 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
 Bipolar disease (%) | 2 (0.02) | 30 (0.02) | 32 (0.02) | 0.856 |
 Anxiety (%) | 102 (0.8) | 1188 (0.9) | 1290 (0.9) | 0.239 |
 Collagen vascular disease (%) | 67 (1.0) | 450 (0.3) | 517 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
 Parkinson disease (%) | 50 (0.5) | 431 (0.3) | 481 (0.3) | 0.004 |
 Epilepsy (%) | 127 (1.2) | 588 (0.4) | 715 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
 Coronary heart disease (%) | 1047 (10.1) | 8462 (6.2) | 9509 (6.5) | < 0.001 |
 Atrial fibrillation (%) | 150 (1.4) | 1136 (0.8) | 1286 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
 Heart failure (%) | 379 (3.6) | 1187 (0.9) | 2196 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
 Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 161 (1.6) | 963 (0.7) | 1124 (0.8) | < 0.001 |
 Hip fracture (%) | 53 (0.5) | 226 (0.2) | 279 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
 Spine fracture (%) | 71 (0.7) | 381 (0.3) | 452 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic liver disease (%) | 137 (1.3) | 937 (0.7) | 1074 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
 Pressure ulcer (%) | 39 (0.4) | 204 (0.2) | 243 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
 Non-metastatic malignancy (%) | 365 (3.5) | 4519 (3.3) | 4884 (3.3) | 0.268 |
 Metastatic malignancy (%) | 73 (0.7) | 770 (0.6) | 843 (0.6) | 0.071 |
Past 1-year Healthcare Utilization in 2011 | ||||
 Polyclinic attendances | ||||
  Number of visits, mean (SD) | 3.12 (6.02) | 2.40 (3.98) | 2.45 (4.16) | 0.001 |
 Specialist outpatient clinic attendances | ||||
  Number of visits, mean (SD) | 2.16 (5.47) | 2.53 (5.66) | 2.50 (5.65) | < 0.001 |
Emergency department attendances | ||||
  Number of visits, mean (SD) | 0.43 (1.67) | 0.13 (0.58) | 0.15 (0.72) | < 0.001 |
Hospital admissions | ||||
  Number of visits, mean (SD) | 0.26 (1.00) | 0.11 (0.49) | 0.12 (0.54) | < 0.001 |