First author, year | Country | Prison | Disease | Study design | Data collection | Aims | Dimensions of relevance | Strength of relevance | Quality score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kavasery, 2009 [43] | U.S. | Urban men’s jail – New Haven Connecticut | HIV | Prospective controlled trial | Quantitative data capture | Determine the optimal timing of opt-out HIV testing for newly incarcerated jail detainees. | Red Orange Green | 9 | d |
Beckwith, 2011 [41] | U.S. | Rhode Island Jail | HIV | Mixed-methods: sequential explanatory | Routine data and interviews/FGD | Introduce rapid opt-out HIV testing to Rhode Island Jail. | Red Orange Green | 8 | d |
Public Health England, 2015 [5] | U.K. | Mixture of phase 1 “pathfinder” prisons | HIV, HCV, and HBV | Project evaluation | Questionnaire | Evaluation of opt-out testing for blood borne viruses, implemented throughout pilot English prisons. | Red Orange | 4 | N/A |
Elkington, 2016 [59] | U.S. | Mixed | HIV | Literature review | Systematic search | To review the effectiveness of HIV testing and linkage programmes and review barriers and facilitators to these programmes in the correctional setting. | Red Orange | 4 | N/A |
Rosen, 2016 [52] | U.S. | North Carolina | HIV | Before and after study | Routine data | Assess the impact of routine opt-out testing in terms of case detection. | Red | 5 | d |
Rice, 2011 [44] | U.S. | Wayne County Jail | HIV | Thesis | Multiple | Design, implement, and evaluate a jail-based HIV testing program. | Red Orange Green | 10 | N/A |
Spaulding, 2015 [38] | U.S. | Fulton County Jail | HIV | Mixed-methods: sequential explanatory | Routine data and questionnaire | To establish a rapid opt-out HIV testing program, led by the jail-based nursing team. | Red Orange Green | 6 | c |
Lucas, 2016 [39] | U.S. | Eight prison reception centres (California) | HIV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine data | Conduct an evaluation of routine HIV services, implemented throughout California. | Red | 4 | c |
Rosen, 2007 [63] | U.S. | 8 intake prisons in North Carolina | HIV | Thesis | Routine data | Evaluation of a large southern state opt-out HIV testing programme. | Red Orange Green | 5 | N/A |
Schoenbachler, 2016 [55] | U.S. | Durham County Jail, Florence Detention, Orangeburg Jail, Marion Jail and Darlington Jail | HCV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine data | Evaluate an HCV testing and linkage-to-care post release program among detainees of small-to-medium sized jails. | Red Orange | 5 | b |
Grinstead, 2003 [64] | U.S. | Mixed | HIV, HCV, HBV, and other sexually transmitted infections | Qualitative exploration | Interviews | Explore providers’ experiences regarding HIV, hepatitis, and other sexually transmitted infection testing services within prison. | Red Orange | 7 | c |
Centres for Disease Control, 2011 [49] | U.S. | Washington State Department of Corrections (12 male facilities) | HIV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine data | To assess the rate of testing under three different testing strategies: on-request, routine opt-in, and routine opt-out. | Red Orange Green | 5 | c |
Centres for Disease Control, 2009 [11] | U.S. | N/A | HIV | Opt-out testing programme guidance | N/A | To guide the implementation of opt-out HIV testing in the correctional setting by highlighting suggested common components and tenants of such a testing programme. | Red Orange | 6 | N/A |
Peter, 2009 [45] | U.S. | Orleans Parish Prison, Jefferson Parish Correctional Centre | HIV | Thesis | Routine data | Look at the effectiveness of opt-out and opt-in approaches to HIV testing in jail populations. | Red Orange | 7 | N/A |
Muessig, 2016 [57] | U.S. | North Carolina State Prison System | HIV | Qualitative | Interviews – 76 incarcerated men and women | Exploring issues of HIV stigma within an opt-out testing programme. | Red Orange Green | 10 | c |
Walker, 2005 [54] | U.S. | N/A | HIV | Letter(s) | N/A | Discusses the ethical concerns surrounding routine opt-out HIV testing within the prison setting. | Red | 4 | N/A |
Beckwith, 2010 [67] | U.S. | N/A | HIV | Literature review | Search | Provide a review of the current state of delivering HIV testing, prevention, treatment and transition services to incarcerated populations. | Red Orange | 4 | N/A |
Rosen, 2015 [8] | U.S. | North Carolina State Prison System | HIV | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Quantitative survey and routine data | To explore prisoners understanding of the voluntary nature of routine opt-out testing. | Red Orange | 8 | c |
Grodensky, 2016 [48] | U.S. | North Carolina Prison System | HIV | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Quantitative survey and routine data | Estimate the proportion unaware of being tested and the proportion of people tested who did not want a test. | Red Orange Green | 9 | c |
Cole, 2014 [46] | U.S. | Cook County Jail | Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Retrospective analysis | Routine data | Evaluate the impact of opt-out testing on rates of testing and diagnosis of infection among incarcerated women, assess the proportion of infections successfully treated, and evaluate factors associated with receipt of treatment. | Red Orange Green | 8 | c |
Public Health England, 2016 [70] | U.K. | Pentonville Prison | HIV, HBV, and HCV | Pilot evaluation | Routine data | Report results from provisional data analysis for the pilot blood-borne virus care pathway trialled within Pentonville prison. | Red Orange | 5 | N/A |
Jack, 2016 [51] | U.K. | East Midlands Category B male prison | HCV | Qualitative phenomenology | Interviews (prison officers) | To explore the views of prison officers about people in prison being tested and treated for HCV. | Red Orange | 6 | d |
Beckwith, 2012 [53] | U.S. | Baltimore Department of Corrections, Philadelphia Prison System, District of Columbia Department of Corrections | HIV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine data | To assess the feasibility of implementing large scale rapid and routine opt-out testing programmes for HIV in large urban jails. | Red Orange Green | 6 | d |
Centres for Disease Control, 2013 [37] | U.S. | Fulton County Jail | HIV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine Data | Evaluate a routine opt-out testing programme in a large county jail. | Red Orange Green | 5 | c |
Centre for Disease Control, 2010 [77] | U.S. | Rhode Island Jail | HIV | Quantitative descriptive evaluation | Routine Data | Review of Rhode Island Jail’s testing records. | Red Orange | 4 | c |
Kavasery, 2009 [42] | U.S. | York Correctional Institution, Connecticut | HIV | Prospective controlled trial | Quantitative data capture | Evaluate the optimal time to conduct routine opt-out HIV testing of newly incarcerated jail inmates in a manner that maximises the number of individuals capable of consenting and wiling to be tested. | Red Orange Green | 9 | d |
Newlan, 2016 [40] | Indonesia | Banceuy Prison | HIV, HBV, and HCV | Natural experiment | Routine data | To compare the efficacy of two different testing strategies (routine or targeted). | Red Orange Green | 5 | b |
Rumble, 2015 [13] | Mixed | Mixed | HIV, HBV, and HCV | Systematic review | Systematic literature search | Describe components of routine HIV, HBV, and HCV testing policies in prisons and quantify testing acceptance, coverage, result notification, and diagnosis. | Red Orange Green | 7 | d |
Gagnon, 2012 [61] | N/A | N/A | HIV | Literature review | Search | Provide a sociological critique of mandatory testing in light of other testing approaches, including opt-out. | Red Orange | 7 | N/A |