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Table 4 Comparison of Factor Scores of Tool for Measuring Cultural Differences in Healthcare Perceived by Foreign Patients

From: Perceived cultural differences in healthcare for foreign patients visiting South Korea: tool development and measurement

Factor number (number of items, maximum score)

Englisha

(n = 23)

Chineseb

(n = 40)

Arabicc

(n = 73)

Russiand

(n = 60)

Mongoliane

(n = 60)

Total

(n = 256)

F (p)

Duncan’s test

M ± SD

M ± SD

M ± SD

M ± SD

M ± SD

M ± SD

1 (n = 13, 52)

17.48 ± 12.03

21.35 ± 9.65

14.81 ± 13.08

32.87 ± 13.53

23.18 ± 12.91

22.27 ± 14.17

18.00 (<.001)

c, a < a, b < b, e < d

2 (n = 7, 28)

12.30 ± 9.10

11.84 ± 4.96

7.35 ± 6.49

15.25 ± 8.25

10.47 ± 6.16

11.04 ± 7.39

10.08 (<.001)

c, e < e, b, a < b, a, d

3 (n = 6, 24)

7.27 ± 5.58

9.90 ± 4.27

5.59 ± 6.30

13.47 ± 7.44

8.31 ± 6.32

8.91 ± 6.90

13.74 (<.001)

c, a, e < a, e, b < d

4 (n = 5, 20)

6.17 ± 4.04

8.17 ± 3.89

6.89 ± 5.14

10.60 ± 5.54

7.36 ± 4.86

8.01 ± 5.11

6.20 (<.001)

a, b, c, e < d

5 (n = 4, 16)

5.23 ± 4.04

5.77 ± 3.01

3.40 ± 4.05

8.61 ± 5.11

5.25 ± 4.17

5.59 ± 4.58

11.64 (<.001)

c, a, e < a, e, b < d

6 (n = 3, 12)

2.20 ± 2.49

5.06 ± 2.55

3.23 ± 3.29

5.79 ± 3.72

3.45 ± 3.35

4.15 ± 3.44

6.28 (<.001)

a, c, e < c, e, b < b, d

7 (n = 3, 12)

2.33 ± 1.91

4.87 ± 2.21

3.22 ± 3.11

5.07 ± 3.72

2.89 ± 2.57

3.77 ± 3.09

7.23 (<.001)

a, e, c < b, d

Total (n = 41, 164)

52.91 ± 27.67

64.80 ± 25.00

43.23 ± 33.03

87.50 ± 40.72

55.12 ± 31.78

59.73 ± 37.17

16.96 (<.001)

a, c, e < e, b < d

  1. Note. M mean, SD standard deviation. Duncan’s post-hoc analysis was used for unequal group variances