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Table 3 Comparison of High-Score Items for Perceived Cultural Differences in Healthcare Tool of Foreign Patients

From: Perceived cultural differences in healthcare for foreign patients visiting South Korea: tool development and measurement

Rank

Total (n = 256)

Russian (n = 60)

Chinese (n = 40)

Items

M ± SD

Items

M ± SD

Items

M ± SD

1

Cost of medical care

2.61 ± 1.43

Cost of medical care

3.17 ± 1.27

Cost of medical care

2.78 ± 1.18

2

Food aroma

1.98 ± 1.28

Skill and competency of medical staff

2.88 ± 1.19

The globalization of healthcare service

2.16 ± 1.15

3

The globalization of healthcare service

1.93 ± 1.44

The globalization of healthcare service

2.86 ± 1.29

Focus of Western medicine (not traditional) in healthcare service

1.92 ± 1.08

4

Skill and competency of medical staff

1.91 ± 1.46

Friendliness of medical staff

2.72 ± 1.32

Spoken communication with medical staff

1.88 ± .90

5

Food taste

1.87 ± 1.24

Sanitary facilities in the hospital (e.g., toilet, baths, shower room)

2.63 ± 1.35

The religious facilities in the hospital (e.g., church, prayer room)

1.88 ± 1.20

6

Spoken communication with medical staff

1.80 ± 1.27

Caring attitude of medical staff

2.63 ± 1.23

Food appearance

1.86 ± .86

7

Convenient facilities in the hospital (e.g., bank, convenience store, café)

1.79 ± 1.34

Convenient facilities in the hospital (e.g., bank, convenience store, café)

2.54 ± 1.33

Food temperature

1.86 ± .76

8

The religious ceremonies offered at the hospital (e.g., mass, prayer)

1.79 ± 1.35

Common area in the hospital (e.g., kitchen, waiting room)

2.53 ± 1.54

The religious ceremonies offered at the hospital (e.g., mass, prayer)

1.84 ± .86

9

Understandability of information given by medical staff

1.79 ± 1.34

Protecting privacy during medical service

2.53 ± 1.34

Food taste

1.83 ± .81

10

Waiting time for consultation

1.78 ± 1.30

Understandability of information given by medical staff

2.53 ± 1.25

Food aroma

1.83 ± .77

Rank

Mongolian (n = 60)

English (n = 23)

Arabic (n = 73)

Items

M ± SD

Items

M ± SD

Items

M ± SD

1

Cost of medical care

2.95 ± 1.20

Cost of medical care

2.73 ± 1.51

Medical terms used by medical staff (e.g., brand name of medication)

1.68 ± 1.26

2

Food aroma

2.25 ± 1.27

Food temperature

2.13 ± 1.80

The religious ceremonies offered at the hospital (e.g., mass, prayer)

1.63 ± 1.52

3

Skill and competency of medical staff

2.14 ± 1.42

Food aroma

2.11 ± 1.69

Cost of medical care

1.58 ± 1.43

4

Food taste

2.00 ± 1.29

Food taste

2.00 ± 1.58

The religious facilities in the hospital (e.g., church, prayer room)

1.53 ± 1.32

5

Friendliness of medical staff

1.98 ± 1.32

The attitude of medical staff toward my food preferences

2.00 ± 1.33

Gender difference between patient and medical staff

1.48 ± 1.36

6

Food service

1.98 ± 1.22

Convenient facilities in the hospital (e.g., bank, convenience store, café)

1.95 ± 1.23

Food aroma

1.47 ± 1.23

7

Convenient facilities in the hospital (e.g., bank, convenience store, café)

1.88 ± 1.25

Sharing hospital room with other patients

1.93 ± 1.59

Waiting time for consultation

1.46 ± 1.41

8

Understandability of information given by medical staff

1.85 ± 1.31

Food service

1.90 ± 1.52

Food taste

1.46 ± 1.26

9

Waiting time for consultation

1.82 ± 1.25

The number of nurses caring for me

1.75 ± 1.57

Spoken communication with medical staff

1.43 ± 1.26

10

The globalization of healthcare service

1.80 ± 1.42

Privacy in hospital room

1.73 ± 1.53

Skill and competency of medical staff

1.38 ± 1.53

  1. Note. M mean, SD standard deviation