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Table 3 Estimation Results From the Cox Model

From: Factors affecting general practitioners’ decisions to adopt new prescription drugs – cohort analyses using Australian longitudinal physician survey data

 

Days to first NOAC prescription

 

Hazard Ratio

[95% CI]

 

(1)

(2)

Individual characteristics

 Male

1.511***

[1.224–1.864]

 Years since graduation: less than 9 years (base)

 Years since graduation: 10–19 years

0.911

[0.604–1.375]

 Years since graduation: 20–29 years

1.005

[0.674–1.500]

 Years since graduation: 30–39 years

1.118

[0.754–1.658]

 Years since graduation: more than 40 years

1.107

[0.703–1.741]

 Overseas trained doctor

1.027

[0.715–1.476]

 Top 8 Australian medical school

0.745*

[0.542–1.023]

 FRACGP or/and FACRRM fellowship

1.001

[0.820–1.222]

 One or more children at home

1.254*

[0.996–1.579]

 Spouse

1.132

[0.827–1.548]

Risk and personality

Clinical risk [1] very unlikely (base)

 Clinical risk [2]

1.236**

[1.008–1.514]

 Clinical risk [3]–[5] very likely

1.214

[0.948–1.555]

 Openness

0.910*

[0.818–1.013]

 Agreeableness

1.020

[0.920–1.131]

 Conscientiousness

0.933

[0.844–1.030]

 Extraversion

0.984

[0.890–1.087]

 Neuroticism

0.943

[0.855–1.041]

Prescribing volume

Q1: Yearly average OAC prescriptions/Level B consultations

 Q2: Yearly average OAC prescriptions/Level B consultations

1.671***

[1.274–2.192]

 Q3: Yearly average OAC prescriptions/Level B consultations

1.994***

[1.507–2.638]

 Q4: Yearly average OAC prescriptions/Level B consultations

2.316***

[1.710–3.135]

GP practice style and practice characteristics

 Length of consultation (minutes)

0.953***

[0.931–0.975]

 Any involvement in teaching activities

0.989

[0.798–1.224]

 Any involvement in public hospitals

0.952

[0.732–1.238]

 Consult with others in practice

1.039

[0.951–1.135]

 Practice is accredited

1.495

[0.905–2.469]

Business relationship with practice: Principal (base)

 Associate

1.075

[0.778–1.486]

 Salaried or contracted

0.658***

[0.519–0.835]

 Locum or other

0.942

[0.541–1.641]

 Std. practice support index

0.971

[0.887–1.063]

 Std. patient complexity index

1.081

[0.984–1.188]

 Std. isolation index

0.985

[0.902–1.076]

 Distance to closest cardiologist in the state (Km)

0.999

[0.999–1.000]

 Average distance to nearest 3 GP practices

0.999

[0.990–1.009]

Practice location characteristics

 SEIFA advantage and disadvantage (deciles at postcode level)

1.051**

[1.011–1.093]

 Pct. of population over 65 years old (deciles at postcode level)

1.034*

[0.998–1.072]

 No. of GPs per 1000 population (SLA level)

0.810***

[0.714–0.918]

 ASGC Remoteness Area: 1 Major city (base)

  

 ASGC Remoteness Area: 2 Inner regional

0.888

[0.687–1.148]

 ASGC Remoteness Area: 3 to 5 Outer regional to very remote

0.677**

[0.469–0.978]

State: New South Wales & Australian Capital Territory (base)

 State: Victoria & Tasmania

0.771**

[0.614–0.968]

 State: Queensland

1.682***

[1.261–2.245]

 State: South Australia

0.748*

[0.544–1.028]

 State: Western Australia & Northern Territory

0.636***

[0.452–0.895]

 Obs.

576

 

 Pseudo R-sqr

  
  1. Notes: Results are from a Cox proportional hazard model of days to first NOAC prescription. The number of observation is 576 including those who did not adopt a NOAC during our study period
  2. ***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at the one, five, and ten percent level
  3. Abbreviations
  4. NOAC = Novel oral anticoagulants
  5. OAC = oral anticoagulants
  6. FRACGP = Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  7. FACRRM = the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine
  8. SEIFA = Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas
  9. SLA = the Australian Statistical Local Area
  10. ASGC = the Australian Standard Geographical Classification