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Table 2 ‘Solutions’ statement set and factor scores

From: Who knows best? A Q methodology study to explore perspectives of professional stakeholders and community participants on health in low-income communities

#

Statement

Factors

 

Health could be improved in low-income communities by. . .

F1

F2

F3

1

.. . making free childcare available and accessible

2

−2*

3

2

.. . spending more on the NHS

−1

2

2

3

.. . providing better support to rehabilitate prisoners, ex-offenders or people who have had addiction problems

2

−1

0

4

.. . supporting industries, companies or sectors that can provide ‘good work’

1

2

4*

5

.. . investing in community activities and groups which give people something to do

5*

1*

− 1*

6

.. . focusing on how we better support vulnerable individuals like young men, young mums or older people

3

2

1

7

.. . increasing the availability of, and access to, social care services in these areas

0

0

3*

8

.. . helping people to develop their strengths

4

2

−2*

9

.. . helping people to make relationships with others so that they have someone to look out for them or to turn to when things get hard

4*

0

−1

10

.. . making it possible for people to access affordable, flexible loans when they need them

−1

−3*

1

11

.. . increasing the tax on things that are bad for people like alcohol, sugary food and drink or fatty foods

−3

−2

2*

12

.. . improving the quality of housing for people on low incomes

0

2

4

13

.. . making sure that people have enough money each month to pay for their basic needs like rent, food, clothing, heat for their home

2*

5

5

14

.. . cutting welfare benefits

−4

− 5

−5

15

.. . making sure that everyone who wants a job can get a job

1

1

4*

16

.. . legalising drugs

−3*

− 5*

− 1*

17

.. . making sure that everyone in society has similar opportunities

0

−2*

1

18

.. . by raising the taxes that people pay in a fair way

−2*

− 4*

5*

19

.. . providing ways for people to talk about and deal with mental health issues

2

4*

0

20

.. . better educating children about health from a young age

3*

5*

− 2*

21

.. . making sure communities have a say in any decisions that will affect them

5*

0

2

22

.. . providing services that help people to organise their money like financial advice

0

4*

− 1

23

.. . providing safe ways for individuals to own their home, a car, things like that without getting into debt that they can’t repay

−2

−1

1*

24

.. . encouraging children to have goals and to have the confidence to meet them

3

3

0*

25

.. . having more health campaigns

−3

0

−3

26

.. . people taking responsibility for themselves

−2*

1*

− 4*

27

.. . finding more ways for people from different groups or different communities in society to mix together

1*

− 2

−2

28

.. . improving the availability and price of public transport

−1

−1

1

29

.. . helping communities to own land, buildings or other assets in their community

−1

− 3*

− 1

30

.. . reducing the price of things that are good for you like healthy food

1

3

2

31

.. . providing coaching sessions for good parenting

−2

−1

−3*

32

.. . denying healthcare to people who are responsible for their own condition like smokers or fat people

−5

−4

−4

33

.. . stopping benefit payments to those spending their money on things that are bad for their health

−5

1*

− 4

34

.. . why should we do anything? If people want to make bad choices for their health then let them

−4

−1*

− 5

35

.. . improving the environment of the community so that it is easier for people to be active outside

−1

0

0

36

.. . by controlling what shops in these communities can sell

−4

−4

−3

37

.. . making more funding available for good primary health care, such as GP surgeries or community pharmacists, in these areas

0*

3

3

38

.. . these communities deciding what needs to be done to improve health and then doing it

4*

− 3

−2

39

.. . preventing payday or doorstep lenders from taking advantage of vulnerable individuals

1

4*

0

  1. *Indicates distinguishing statements. Italics indicate consensus statements