Table 1 ‘Causes’ statement set and factor scores

1

.. . people are unable to access space or places to meet others

0*

− 4*

− 3*

2

.. . people don’t have good support networks

0

−3*

0

3

.. . people feel like they are excluded from the rest of society

1

−3*

2

4

.. . there isn’t enough community spirit

−2

−2

−2

5

.. . of low levels of education

−1

−2

3*

6

.. . of unpredictable finances

3

2

2

7

.. . there is a lack of insight into what these communities need

1*

0*

− 2*

8

.. . people see others in society with status symbols like expensive phones or cars which make them feel bad about their own situation because they can’t afford them

−1

−1

−2

9

.. . of the stress of making hard decisions like “do we eat?” or “do we heat?”

4

4

0*

10

.. . people don’t get to experience the outdoors like being in the mountains, forests or by the sea

−1*

− 2

− 2

11

.. . there is a lack of good quality, affordable housing

2

1

3

12

.. . there aren’t things for young people to do in their community

0

−1

−1

13

.. . of how the welfare system works

4*

1

2

14

.. . people struggle to get access to services that are available

2*

− 4*

0*

15

.. . many people don’t have jobs that are secure, meaningful or that give them a sense of purpose

3

3

3

16

.. . people feel a sense of hopelessness from not being in control

1

1

4*

17

.. . people lack the ability to look after themselves

−3*

−1

0

18

.. . people can struggle with complicated family life, sexual, emotional or physical abuse

1*

− 1*

4*

19

.. . the culture of the community means people don’t have ambitions or goals

− 2*

1

1

20

.. . people are labelled, stereotyped and talked down to, they are not treated as individuals

2*

1

1

21

.. . the views of these communities aren’t taken into account

1*

− 2

−1

22

.. . it is difficult to leave an area to start a new life

0

−3*

0

23

.. . the people in these communities can’t cope with unexpected events or costs

0

3

1

24

.. . these communities tend to be dirty, polluted or in poor condition

−1

−1

−1

25

.. . people don’t have a way to travel, they can’t afford a car or public transport

0

0

−3*

26

.. . having less money increases the cost of things people need like electricity or loans

3

2

1

27

.. . of poor parenting

−3*

0*

2*

28

.. . people in these communities don’t follow health advice

−2*

2*

− 1*

29

.. . people don’t feel safe where they are living

−1

0

1

30

.. . there is a culture of dependency and laziness in these communities

−4

4*

− 4

31

.. . people in these communities don’t take responsibility for their own health

−3*

0

0

32

.. . governments don’t invest in these communities

2

2

−3*

33

.. . people have too many children

−4

0*

− 4

34

.. . people focus on short-term pleasures rather than thinking about the future

− 2*

3*

− 1*