| Pre-awareness (n = 150) | Post-awareness (n = 150) | p valuea | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative items, n (%) | |||||
 | Counseling and education | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  | |
 | No bowel lavage | 150 (100) | 140 (94.6) | 0.003b | |
 | Oral carbohydrate loading (if indicated) | 32 (21.3) | 35 (23.3) | 0.782 | |
Intraoperative items, n (%) | |||||
 | Epidural analgesia | 121 (80.7) | 126 (84.0) | 0.451 | |
 | Routine anti-emetics | 90 (61.6) | 112 (74.7) | 0.016 | |
 | No use of drains | 104 (69.3) | 122 (81.9) | 0.011 | |
 | Nasogastric tube removal | 105 (70.0) | 112 (75.7) | 0.272 | |
Postoperative items, n (%) | |||||
 | Avoidance of ileus |  |  |  | |
 |  | Oral laxatives at day 1 | 33 (22.0) | 42 (28.0) | 0.232 |
 | Early oral intake |  |  |  | |
 |  | Oral fluids intake day 0 | 37 (24.7) | 63 (42.6) | 0.001 |
 |  | Solid food intake ≤ day 1 | 83 (55.3) | 115 (77.7) | < 0.001 |
 | Early mobilization |  |  |  | |
 |  | On chair (minimum 3 times) ≤ day 1 | 21 (14.1) | 41 (27.3) | 0.005 |
 | Early removal of catheters |  |  |  | |
 |  | CAD removal ≤ day 2 | 51 (34.2) | 47 (31.5) | 0.623 |