Respondent Characteristic | Family Physician (only) | Chiropractor (any) | Physiotherapist (any) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||
OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
Age | ||||||||||||
 18–34 (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 35–49 | 1.21 | 1.02–1.43 | 1.22 | 1.02–1.45 | – | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.78–1.24 | 0.84 | 0.66–1.07 |
 50–64 | 1.56 | 1.33–1.83 | 1.42 | 1.19–1.69 | – | – | – | – | 0.88 | 0.69–1.11 | 0.76 | 0.60–0.98 |
 65+ | 3.05 | 2.62–3.56 | 2.18 | 1.81–2.62 | – | – | – | – | 0.58 | 0.47–0.73 | 0.59 | 0.45–0.75 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Male (female ref) | 0.76 | 0.69–0.84 | 0.84 | 0.75–0.93 | – | – | – | – | 0.79 | 0.68–0.92 | 0.78 | 0.67–0.91 |
Education | ||||||||||||
 - less than secondary (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - secondary graduation | 0.61 | 0.51–0.73 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.04 | 2.04 | 1.56–2.59 | 1.48 | 1.17–1.89 | 1.43 | 1.07–1.91 | 1.14 | 0.85–1.54 |
 - some post-secondary | 0.66 | 0.53–0.83 | 0.93 | 0.74–1.18 | 1.82 | 1.37–2.41 | 1.40 | 1.06–1.87 | 1.37 | 0.97–1.92 | 1.03 | 0.73–1.44 |
 - post-secondary graduation | 0.52 | 0.45–0.61 | 0.82 | 0.71–0.95 | 2.05 | 1.68–2.50 | 1.41 | 1.15–1.72 | 2.06 | 1.68–2.53 | 1.49 | 1.19–1.86 |
Income Quintile | ||||||||||||
 - 1 (lowest- ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - 2 | 0.63 | 0.54–0.74 | 0.72 | 0.61–0.84 | 1.89 | 1.53–2.33 | 1.64 | 1.32–2.03 | 1.44 | 1.12–1.84 | 1.50 | 1.16–1.94 |
 - 3 | 0.52 | 0.45–0.62 | 0.67 | 0.57–0.79 | 2.50 | 2.05–3.07 | 1.99 | 1.61–2.46 | 1.43 | 1.14–1.80 | 1.57 | 1.24–1.99 |
 - 4 | 0.47 | 0.40–0.55 | 0.68 | 0.57–0.82 | 2.87 | 2.36–3.50 | 2.10 | 1.70–2.59 | 1.82 | 1.45–2.28 | 1.91 | 1.51–2.40 |
 - 5 (highest) | 0.40 | 0.34–0.47 | 0.59 | 0.49–0.71 | 2.91 | 2.39–3.54 | 1.97 | 1.60–2.43 | 2.33 | 1.85–2.93 | 2.40 | 1.86–3.10 |
Residence | ||||||||||||
 - CMA or CA (urban) (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - strongly influenced MIZ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.60 | 0.45–0.78 | 0.62 | 0.46–0.83 |
 - moderately influenced MIZ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.64 | 0.49–0.83 | 0.71 | 0.54–0.93 |
 - weak, uninfluenced MIZ & territories | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.72 | 0.61–0.85 | 0.72 | 0.60–0.86 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
 - Caucasian (ref) | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - Aboriginal | – | – | – | – | 0.70 | 0.53–0.93 | 0.76 | 0.57–1.02 | 1.05 | 0.76–1.44 | 1.09 | 0.77–1.52 |
 - Other | – | – | – | – | 0.68 | 0.51–0.90 | 0.69 | 0.52–0.90 | 1.28 | 0.96–1.71 | 1.41 | 1.04–1.92 |
Immigrant | ||||||||||||
 (Canadian-born ref) | 1.29 | 1.11–1.50 | 1.28 | 1.09–1.49 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Smoking Status | ||||||||||||
 - never smoked (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - former smoker | 1.06 | 0.93–1.21 | 1.03 | 0.89–1.19 | 0.87 | 0.74–1.00 | 0.84 | 0.72–0.97 | 1.00 | 0.84–1.17 | 1.12 | 0.95–1.34 |
 - current smoker | 1.21 | 1.04–1.41 | 1.25 | 1.06–1.46 | 0.63 | 0.52–0.75 | 0.68 | 0.57–0.82 | 0.67 | 0.54–0.84 | 0.76 | 0.60–0.95 |
BMI | ||||||||||||
 underweight/normal (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - overweight | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.95 | 0.80–1.14 | 0.97 | 0.81–1.17 |
 - obese | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.80 | 0.67–0.96 | 0.82 | 0.68–1.00 |
No. of co-morbidities | ||||||||||||
 - none (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
 - 1-2 | 1.46 | 1.29–1.66 | 1.27 | 1.10–1.45 | 0.84 | 0.73–0.98 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.00 | – | – | – | – |
 - 3+ | 2.88 | 2.48–3.34 | 1.89 | 1.57–2.28 | 0.51 | 0.42–0.61 | 0.64 | 0.52–0.78 | – | – | – | – |
Physical activity | ||||||||||||
 - inactive (ref) | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - moderately active | – | – | – | – | 1.38 | 1.20–1.60 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.35 | 1.12 | 0.94–1.35 | 1.08 | 0.90–1.30 |
 - active | – | – | – | – | 1.37 | 1.16–1.61 | 1.07 | 0.91–1.26 | 1.37 | 1.13–1.66 | 1.29 | 1.05–1.58 |
HUI Pain/Function | ||||||||||||
 - no pain or discomfort (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
 - pain prevents no activities | 0.93 | 0.78–1.11 | 0.77 | 0.64–0.92 | 1.10 | 0.89–1.35 | 1.29 | 1.03–1.60 | 1.29 | 0.99–1.68 | 1.46 | 1.12–1.90 |
 - pain prevents a few activities | 0.94 | 0.81–1.10 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.82 | 1.29 | 1.07–1.57 | 1.64 | 1.35–2.00 | 1.92 | 1.58–2.34 | 2.15 | 1.75–2.63 |
 - pain prevents some activities | 1.12 | 0.95–1.32 | 0.73 | 0.61–0.88 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.06 | 1.18 | 0.95–1.46 | 2.11 | 1.70–2.62 | 2.57 | 2.05–3.22 |
 - pain prevents most activities | 1.30 | 1.05–1.60 | 0.73 | 0.61–0.88 | 0.66 | 0.52–0.85 | 1.10 | 0.83–1.45 | 2.30 | 1.75–3.00 | 3.56 | 2.70–4.69 |
Self-rated Stress | ||||||||||||
 - not at all/not very (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
 - a bit | 0.81 | 0.71–0.91 | 0.87 | 0.76–0.98 | 1.28 | 1.11–1.47 | 1.30 | 1.13–1.50 | – | – | – | – |
 - quite a bit/extremely | 0.85 | 0.73–0.98 | 0.93 | 0.80–1.09 | 1.16 | 0.99–1.36 | 1.21 | 1.02–1.44 | – | – | – | – |
Self-Rated Overall Health | ||||||||||||
 - excellent/very good (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
 - good | 1.28 | 1.14–1.44 | 1.10 | 0.97–1.24 | 0.79 | 0.68–0.91 | 0.89 | 0.76–1.03 | – | – | – | – |
 - fair/poor | 2.23 | 1.94–2.56 | 1.51 | 1.27–1.79 | 0.49 | 0.41–0.58 | 0.71 | 0.58–0.87 | – | – | – | – |