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Table 2 Presenteeism work-related exposures and outcomes measures identified in reviewed publications

From: Presenteeism exposures and outcomes amongst hospital doctors and nurses: a systematic review

Organizational Exposures/ outcomes measured

Adopted scale origins

Publications

Reliability (Cronbach’s α)

Work stressors

 Time pressure

Effort-Reward Imbalance scale

Dellve 2011

0.57–0.78

 Job demands/ work pressure

Furda 1995

Demerouti 2009

0.83–0.85

 Physical demands

Self-derived items

Demerouti 2009

 Ergonomic factors (stooping)

Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire

d’Errico 2013

0.64–0.86

 Patient demands

Herschbach 1992

Demerouti 2009

0.80–0.85

 Musculoskeletal pain/disease

Self-derived items

Dellve 2011

World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)

Warren 2011

Self-derived items

Letvak 2012

0.72–0.99

Self-derived items

Martinez 2012

Nordic questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms

Trinkoff 2006

 Role conflicts

Self-derived items

Sendén 2013

 Organizational justice

Moorman 1991

d’Errico 2013

0.70

 Working group climate

Francis and Young 1979

d’Errico 2013

0.88

 Quality of working process

Francis and Young 1979

d’Errico 2013

0.77

 High Responsibility

Effort-Reward Imbalance scale

Dellve 2011

0.57–0.78

 Limited lifting equipment

Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire

Skela-Savič 2017

Work resources

 Effort-reward balance

Effort-Reward Imbalance scale

Dellve 2011

0.57–0.78

 Decision making/ work pace control

General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological & Social Factors at Work (QPS Nordic)

Thun 2014

0.45–0.84

 Income

Self-derived items

Martinez 2012

 Institutional flu measures

Self-derived items

LaVela 2007

 Organizational care

The General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work

Sendén 2013

role conflict: 0.74, organizational care: 0.83

 Social support

Self-derived item

Dellve 2011

Self-derived item

Thun 2014

 Supervisory support

McAllister 1995

d’Errico 2013

0.89

Andersen 2010

Thun 2014

 Affective commitment

Mowday 1979

Yang 2017

0.85

Work Psychosocial Emotions

 Optimism/ positive work feelings/ daily activity well-being/ meaningfulness

Self-derived items

Dellve 2011

Hospital Anxiety & Depression scale (single positive item)

 

 Job satisfaction

Self-derived items

Rantanen 2011

 Burnout

Maslach Burnout Inventory Dutch version

Demerouti 2009

depersonalization: 0.62–0.68, emotional exhaustion: 0.86–0.90

Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire

Dellve 2011

0.97

Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)

d’Errico 2013

0.71–0.91

Oldenburg Burnout Inventory

Thun 2014

exhaustion: 0.80, disengagement 0.77

Utrecht Burn-out Scale

Vandenbroeck 2017

 Psychological stress/

Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological & Social Factors at Work (single item)

Dellve 2011

Self-derived items

Martinez 2012

Challenge and hindrance-related self-reported stress (C-HSS)

Yang 2017

0.87–0.75

Inventory of stress in nurses (ISN)

Umann 2014

interpersonal relationships: 0.90, roles of stressors: 0.82, work intrinsic factors: 0.79

 Work dissatisfaction

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 10)

Skela-Savič 2017

0.86

Work Outcomes

 Medication errors

Self-derived item

Letvak 2013

 Patient falls

Self-derived item

Letvak 2013

 Quality of care

Kramer 2004

Letvak 2013

0.80–0.90