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Table 3 Components of direct healthcare costs for diabetes mellitus

From: Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review

Sl

Author

Year of Publication

Country

Hospital inpatient

Physician services

Emergency outpatient

Drugs

Laboratory tests

Other health professional/allied health

Daily self-management

Transport

Food on the way to hospital

Dietary management

Surgery

Subsidized consultation and investigation cost

Informal care/caregiver

Indirect cost

Intangible cost

National estimation

1

Shobana et al. [24]

1999

India

√

√

 

√

√

  

√

  

√

    

√

2

Ramachandran et al. [23]

2007

India

√

√

 

√

√

     

√

     

3

Kumar et al. [25]

2008

India

 

√

 

√

√

 

√

         

4

Khowaja et al. [29]

2007

Pakistan

 

√

 

√

√

  

√

√

  

√

 

√

  

5

Tharkar et al. [26]

2010

India

√

√

 

√

√

 

√

√

√

   

√

√

√

√

6

Chandra et al. [27]

2014

India

 

√

 

√

√

     

√

  

√

  

7

Suleiman et al. [30]

2014

Nigeria

 

√

 

√

√

  

√

       

√

8

Akari et al. [28]

2013

India

√

√

 

√

√

  

√

√

    

√

 Â