Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF and decentralized care on linkage to care and drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Johannesburg, South Africa

Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted predictors of mortality among patients who were diagnosed with RR-TB between July 2011–June 2012 or between July 2013–July 2014 and who initiated DR-TB treatment in COJ (n = 537)

	n/N	%	HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR	95% CI
Gender
Female	34/258	13.2	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Male	33/279	11.8	0.78	(0.48–1.26)	0.74	(0.44–1.22)
Age, years
< 30	17/138	12.3	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
30–45	37/283	13.1	0.92	(0.52–1.64)	0.72	(0.39–1.31)
≥ 45	13/119	10.9	0.75	(0.36–1.58)	0.68	(0.32–1.47)
DR-TB classification
RR-TB by Xpert MTB/RIF	41/237	17.3	1.16	(0.58–2.33)	1.03	(0.50–2.13)
RIF mono-resistant TB	15/109	13.8	0.87	(0.39–1.97)	0.65	(0.33–1.81)
MDR-TB	11/191	5.8	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HIV status at initiation
HIV negative	1/61	1.6	0.14	(0.02–1.01)	0.13	(0.02–0.10)
HIV positive on ART	53/351	33.6	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
HIV positive not on ART	10/77	12.1	1.49	(0.76–2.94)	1.49	(0.75–2.96)
HIV status unknown	3/48	6.3	0.38	(0.09–1.54)	0.36	(0.09–1.50)
Registration year
2011	6/55	10.9	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
2012	11/108	10.2	0.89	(0.33–2.40)	0.88	(0.34–2.59)
2013	21/166	21.7	1.3	(0.55–3.36)	1.32	(0.52–3.33)
2014	29/211	13.7	1.45	(0.59–3.51)	1.37	(0.55–3.41)
Time to treatment initiation
Without delay	31/186	16.7	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Delayed (deferred)	35/332	10.5	0.89	(0.54–1.45)	0.91	(0.53–1.56)

HR Hazard Ratio, CI Confidence interval, RR-TB Rifampicin resistant TB, MTB Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR-TB Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, XDR-TB Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; ART antiretroviral therapy, RIF rifampicin, DR-TB drug resistant TB p < 0.05 bold

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