Healthcare utilization and cost trajectories post-stroke: role of caregiver and stroke factors

Table 4 Summary of findings

Independent Factors	HEALTHCARE SERVICE
	Utilization				Cost
	Acute		Outpatient		Acute		Outpatient
	IN	ED	SOC	PC	IN	ED	PC
Quarters (Q1 to Q4)^a	↓	NS	↓	↓	↓	NS	↑
Caregiver (present vs none)^a	↓	↓	NA^d	NA^d	↓	↓	NA^d
Stroke factors
Physical disability (mRS) Severe (vs Mild)	NA^d	NA^d	SS^b,c	NA^d	NA^d	NA^d	NA^d
Stroke severity (NIHSS) Severe & moderate (vs mild)	NA^d	NA^d	NA^d	SS^a	NA^d	NA^d	SS^b,c
Stroke type (ischemic vs non-ischemic)	NA^d	NA^d	NA^d	SS^a	NA^d	NA^d	SS^b,c

↓ decreasing trend, ↑ increasing trend, NS non-significant, NA not applicable, SS statistically significant, IN inpatient, ED emergency department, SOC specialist outpatient clinic, PC primary care, mRS modified Rankin Scale, NIHSS National Institute of Health Stroke Scale
^abased on Model 2
^bbased on Model 3
^cinteraction of covariate with the quarter variable in the final model is statistically significant
^dthe covariate did not enter the final model

ISSN: 1472-6963