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Fig. 1 | BMC Health Services Research

Fig. 1

From: Healthcare utilization and cost trajectories post-stroke: role of caregiver and stroke factors

Fig. 1

Acute and outpatient healthcare service utilization and associated costs across 4 quarters post-stroke. Estimates are taken from Model 2 with following variables in final model. Service utilization model. Acute inpatient service: patient age, gender, ethnicity, caregiver identity, comorbid status; Acute ED service: patient age, gender, ethnicity, caregiver identity, comorbid status, religion; Outpatient SOC service: patient age, gender, ethnicity, stroke disability (measured on modified rankin scale), comorbid status; Outpatient PC service: patient age, gender, ethnicity, stroke type, stroke severity, ward class, comorbid status. Cost model. Acute inpatient cost: age, gender, ethnicity, caregiver identity, comorbid status, marital status, recurrent stroke; Acute ED cost: age, gender, ethnicity, caregiver identity, comorbid status; Outpatient PC cost: age, gender, ethnicity, stroke type, stroke severity, comorbid status. a Inpatient and emergency department service utilization and costs (ACUTE), b Specialist outpatient clinic and primary care utilization and costs (OUTPATIENT). Abbreviations: IRR = incidence rate ratio; ED = emergency department; SOC = specialist outpatient clinic; PC = primary care. *: For Hospitalization/ED (or PC) cost, the y-axis is the ratio of expected cost from Q2 to Q4 to the reference quarter (Q1) respectively

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