Table 6 Positive response rate (PRR) for individual items/dimensions according to pharmacists’ working hours per week
From: Assessment of patient safety culture: a nationwide survey of community pharmacists in Kuwait
32–40 h per week | > 40 h per week | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Positive | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||
1. Physical Space and Environment | |||
A1. This pharmacy is well organized | 25 (92.6) | 208 (92.9) | 0.999a |
A5. This pharmacy is free of clutter/untidiness | 26 (92.9) | 205 (91.1) | 0.999a |
A7. The physical layout of this pharmacy supports good workflow | 24 (88.9) | 178 (79.5) | 0.243b |
Total | 75 (91.5) | 591 (87.8) | 0.333b |
2. Teamwork | |||
A2. Staff treat each other with respect | 28 (100.0) | 219 (97.3) | 0.999a |
A4. Staff in this pharmacy clearly understand their roles and responsibilities | 26 (96.3) | 215 (95.6) | 0.999a |
A9. Staff work together as an effective team | 28 (100.0) | 218 (96.9) | 0.999a |
Total | 82 (98.8) | 652 (96.6) | 0.503a |
3. Staff Training and Skills | |||
A3. Pharmacy assistants/helpers in this pharmacy receive the training they need to do their jobs | 26 (92.9) | 174 (77.3) | 0.057b |
A6. Staff in this pharmacy have the skills they need to do their jobs well | 27 (96.4) | 215 (95.6) | 0.999a |
A8. Staff who are new to this pharmacy receive adequate orientation | 25 (92.6) | 198 (89.6) | 0.999a |
A10. Staff get enough training from this pharmacy | 26 (92.9) | 183 (81.7) | 0.185a |
Total | 104 (93.7) | 770 (86.0) | 0.024 b |
4. Communication Openness | |||
B1. Staff ideas and suggestions are valued in this pharmacy | 22 (81.5) | 174 (77.3) | 0.624b |
B5. Staff feel comfortable asking questions when they are unsure about something | 24 (85.7) | 199 (88.4) | 0.755a |
B10. It is easy for staff to speak up to their pharmacy manager (chief pharmacist) or pharmacy owner about patient safety concerns in this pharmacy | 23 (82.1) | 196 (87.9) | 0.373a |
Total | 69 (83.1) | 569 (84.5) | 0.738b |
5. Patient Counselling | |||
B2. Pharmacists in this pharmacy encourage patients to talk about their medications | 23 (82.1) | 203 (90.2) | 0.196a |
B7. Our pharmacists spend enough time talking to patients about how to use their medications | 24 (85.7) | 210 (93.3) | 0.242a |
B11. Our pharmacists tell patients important information about their new prescriptions | 23 (82.1) | 207 (92.0) | 0.152a |
Total | 70 (83.3) | 620 (91.9) | 0.010 b |
6. Staffing, Work Pressure, and Pace | |||
B3. Staff take adequate breaks during their shifts | 19 (67.9) | 88 (39.1) | 0.004 b |
B9. We feel rushed when processing prescriptions (R) | 5 (17.9) | 92 (41.1) | 0.017 b |
B12. We have enough staff to handle the workload | 23 (82.1) | 187 (83.5) | 0.792a |
B16. Interruptions/distractions in this pharmacy (from phone calls, faxes, customers, etc.) make it difficult for staff to work accurately (R) | 3 (11.1) | 65 (29.0) | 0.048 b |
Total | 50 (45.0) | 432 (48.2) | 0.061b |
7. Communication About Prescriptions Across Shifts | |||
B4. We have clear expectations about exchanging important prescription information across shifts | 24 (85.7) | 161 (72.2) | 0.126b |
B6. We have standard procedures for communicating prescription information across shifts | 21 (77.8) | 169 (75.8) | 0.819b |
B14. The status of problematic prescriptions is well communicated across shifts | 20 (74.1) | 165 (74.0) | 0.993b |
Total | 65 (79.3) | 495 (74.0) | 0.300b |
8. Communication About Mistakes | |||
B8. Staff in this pharmacy discuss mistakes | 21 (75.0) | 191 (84.9) | 0.181a |
B13. When patient safety issues occur in this pharmacy, staff discuss them | 23 (82.1) | 183 (81.7) | 0.954b |
B15. In this pharmacy, we talk about ways to prevent mistakes from happening again | 24 (85.7) | 177 (79.0) | 0.406b |
Total | 68 (81.0) | 551 (81.9) | 0.837b |
9. Response to Mistakes | |||
C1. Staff are treated fairly when they make mistakes | 24 (88.9) | 211 (94.2) | 0.392a |
C4. This pharmacy helps staff learn from their mistakes rather than punishing them | 24 (85.7) | 210 (94.2) | 0.106a |
C7. We look at staff actions and the way we do things to understand why mistakes happen in this pharmacy | 25 (89.3) | 195 (87.1) | 0.999a |
C8. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 15 (55.6) | 171 (77.7) | 0.012 b |
Total | 88 (80.0) | 787 (88.3) | 0.013 b |
10. Organizational Learning - Continuous Improvement | |||
C2. When a mistake happens, we try to figure out what problems in the work process led to the mistake | 25 (89.3) | 212 (94.6) | 0.224a |
C5. When the same mistake keeps happening, we change the way we do things | 23 (85.2) | 202 (91.0) | 0.308a |
C10. Mistakes have led to positive changes in this pharmacy | 27 (96.4) | 211 (95.0) | 0.999a |
Total | 75 (90.4) | 625 (93.6) | 0.274b |
11. Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety | |||
C3. This pharmacy places more emphasis on sales than on patient safety (R) | 20 (74.1) | 155 (70.1) | 0.672b |
C6. This pharmacy is good at preventing mistakes | 25 (89.3) | 217 (96.4) | 0.109a |
C9. The way we do things in this pharmacy reflects a strong focus on patient safety | 26 (96.3) | 215 (96.0) | 0.999a |
Total | 71 (86.6) | 587 (87.6) | 0.791b |