Table 5 Positive response rate (PRR) for individual items/dimension according to pharmacists’ experience in their present workplace
From: Assessment of patient safety culture: a nationwide survey of community pharmacists in Kuwait
< 3 years | 3- < 6 years | ≥6 years | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Positive | Positive | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
1. Physical Space and Environment | ||||
A1. This pharmacy is well organized | 117 (92.9) | 59 (93.7) | 57 (91.9) | 0.902a |
A5. This pharmacy is free of clutter/untidiness | 117 (92.9) | 58 (89.2) | 56 (90.3) | 0.667b |
A7. The physical layout of this pharmacy supports good workflow | 97 (77.0) | 53 (81.5) | 52 (86.7) | 0.288b |
Total | 331 (87.6) | 170 (88.1) | 165 (89.7) | 0.766b |
2. Teamwork | ||||
A2. Staff treat each other with respect | 123 (97.6) | 64 (98.5) | 60 (96.8) | 0.760a |
A4. Staff in this pharmacy clearly understand their roles and responsibilities | 121 (96.0) | 62 (96.9) | 58 (95.2) | 0.662a |
A9. Staff work together as an effective team | 122 (96.8) | 65 (100.0) | 59 (95.2) | 0.245a |
Total | 366 (96.8) | 191 (98.5) | 186 (95.2) | 0.187b |
3. Staff Training and Skills | ||||
A3. Pharmacy assistants/helpers in this pharmacy receive the training they need to do their jobs | 93 (73.8) | 49 (75.4) | 58 (93.5) | 0.005 b |
A6. Staff in this pharmacy have the skills they need to do their jobs well | 120 (95.2) | 62 (95.4) | 60 (96.8) | 0.999a |
A8. Staff who are new to this pharmacy receive adequate orientation | 112 (90.3) | 58 (90.6) | 53 (88.3) | 0.894b |
A10. Staff get enough training from this pharmacy | 98 (78.4) | 51 (78.5) | 60 (96.8) | 0.004 b |
Total | 423 (84.4) | 220 (84.9) | 231 (93.9) | 0.001 b |
4. Communication Openness | ||||
B1. Staff ideas and suggestions are valued in this pharmacy | 94 (75.2) | 53 (81.5) | 49 (79.0) | 0.586b |
B5. Staff feel comfortable asking questions when they are unsure about something | 113 (89.7) | 55 (84.6) | 55 (88.7) | 0.583b |
B10. It is easy for staff to speak up to their pharmacy manager (chief pharmacist) or pharmacy owner about patient safety concerns in this pharmacy | 110 (87.3) | 52 (81.3) | 57 (93.4) | 0.124b |
Total | 317 (84.1) | 160 (82.5) | 161 (87.0) | 0.462b |
5. Patient Counselling | ||||
B2. Pharmacists in this pharmacy encourage patients to talk about their medications | 117 (92.9) | 57 (87.7) | 52 (83.9) | 0.152b |
B7. Our pharmacists spend enough time talking to patients about how to use their medications | 118 (93.7) | 60 (92.3) | 56 (90.3) | 0.707a |
B11. Our pharmacists tell patients important information about their new prescriptions | 117 (92.9) | 57 (87.7) | 56 (90.3) | 0.492b |
Total | 352 (93.1) | 174 (89.2) | 164 (88.2) | 0.101b |
6. Staffing, Work Pressure, and Pace | ||||
B3. Staff take adequate breaks during their shifts | 37 (29.4) | 25 (38.5) | 45 (72.6) | < 0.001 b |
B9. We feel rushed when processing prescriptions (R) | 59 (47.2) | 24 (36.9) | 14 (22.6) | 0.005 b |
B12. We have enough staff to handle the workload | 107 (84.9) | 53 (82.8) | 50 (80.6) | 0.754b |
B16. Interruptions/distractions in this pharmacy (from phone calls, faxes, customers, etc.) make it difficult for staff to work accurately (R) | 44 (35.2) | 18 (28.1) | 6 (9.7) | 0.001 b |
Total | 247 (49.2) | 120 (46.5) | 115 (46.4) | 0.680b |
7. Communication About Prescriptions Across Shifts | ||||
B4. We have clear expectations about exchanging important prescription information across shifts | 93 (73.8) | 43 (67.2) | 49 (80.3) | 0.249b |
B6. We have standard procedures for communicating prescription information across shifts | 94 (75.8) | 46 (71.9) | 50 (80.6) | 0.513b |
B14. The status of problematic prescriptions is well communicated across shifts | 92 (74.2) | 47 (73.4) | 46 (74.2) | 0.993b |
Total | 279 (74.6) | 136 (70.8) | 145 (78.4) | 0.243b |
8. Communication About Mistakes | ||||
B8. Staff in this pharmacy discuss mistakes | 104 (82.5) | 53 (81.5) | 55 (88.7) | 0.474b |
B13. When patient safety issues occur in this pharmacy, staff discuss them | 106 (84.1) | 52 (80.0) | 48 (78.7) | 0.608b |
B15. In this pharmacy, we talk about ways to prevent mistakes from happening again | 98 (77.8) | 50 (78.1) | 53 (85.5) | 0.434b |
Total | 308 (81.5) | 155 (79.9) | 156 (84.3) | 0.525b |
9. Response to Mistakes | ||||
C1. Staff are treated fairly when they make mistakes | 118 (94.4) | 59 (92.2) | 58 (93.5) | 0.843a |
C4. This pharmacy helps staff learn from their mistakes rather than punishing them | 118 (93.7) | 59 (93.7) | 57 (91.9) | 0.897a |
C7. We look at staff actions and the way we do things to understand why mistakes happen in this pharmacy | 110 (87.3) | 55 (85.9) | 55 (88.7) | 0.897b |
C8. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 95 (76.6) | 51 (79.7) | 40 (67.8) | 0.278b |
Total | 441 (88.0) | 224 (87.8) | 210 (85.7) | 0.652b |
10. Organizational Learning - Continuous Improvement | ||||
C2. When a mistake happens, we try to figure out what problems in the work process led to the mistake | 118 (94.4) | 60 (92.3) | 59 (95.2) | 0.782a |
C5. When the same mistake keeps happening, we change the way we do things | 114 (91.2) | 57 (89.1) | 54 (90.0) | 0.890b |
C10. Mistakes have led to positive changes in this pharmacy | 120 (96.8) | 58 (90.6) | 60 (96.8) | 0.188a |
Total | 352 (94.1) | 175 (90.7) | 173 (94.0) | 0.267b |
11. Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety | ||||
C3. This pharmacy places more emphasis on sales than on patient safety (R) | 84 (67.7) | 48 (73.8) | 43 (72.9) | 0.617b |
C6. This pharmacy is good at preventing mistakes | 121 (96.0) | 63 (96.9) | 58 (93.5) | 0.663a |
C9. The way we do things in this pharmacy reflects a strong focus on patient safety | 119 (95.2) | 62 (95.4) | 60 (98.4) | 0.696a |
Total | 324 (86.4) | 173 (88.7) | 161 (88.5) | 0.659b |