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Table 8 How interventions were assessed

From: Developing and evaluating clinical leadership interventions for frontline healthcare providers: a review of the literature

Author

Country

Year

How interventions were assessed

Cleary et al. [38]

Australia

2005

Pre-and post-assessment to measure the reaction, and learning attainment of participants using the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire

Ferguson et al. [39]

Australia

2007

Post-test to measure the learning attainment and behaviour of participants using review of observation documents

Williams et al. [40]

Australia

2009

Post-test to measure the reaction participants using a Questionnaire and focus group discussions (FDGs)

Travaglia et al. [41]

Australia

2011

Mid-term assessment to measure the learning attainment and behavior of participants, and impact on service delivery interviews and online survey

MacPhail et al. [23]

Australia

2015

Pre-and post-assessment and follow-up 18 moths post intervention to assess the reaction, and learning attainment of participants using structured evaluation survey and questionnaire

Leggat et al. [42]

Australia

2016

Pre-and post-assessment to measure participants behaviour and impact of the intervention using questionnaires and interviews

Dierckx de Casterelé [45]

Belgium

2008

Post-test assessment to measure the behaviour, learning attainment and impact of the intervention, using interviews, FDGs and observation of participants

Miller and Dalton [25]

England

2011

Post-test assessment to measure individuals’ reaction using FDGs, interviews, and online questionnaires

Leeson and Millar [26]

England

2013

Post-test assessment to measure the reaction and learning attainment, and behaviour of participants, using evaluation sheets

Enterkin et al. [27]

England

2013

Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reaction and learning attainment questionnaires

Phillips and Byrne [31]

England

2013

Post-test assessment to measure the reaction and learning of participants, using questionnaires

Castillo and James [32]

England

2013

Post-test assessment to measure participant reaction, learning, behaviour and impact of the intervention using questionnaires

Stoll et al. [33]

England

2011

Post-test assessment to measure, learning attainment and impact of the intervention, using questionnaires and interviews

Miani et al. [34]

England

2013

Post-test assessment to measure the learning of participant, behaviour, and impact of the intervention, using Online questionnaires and interviews

Runnacle et al. [35]

England

2013

Pre- and post- assessment to measure the reaction of participants

Lunn et al. [28]

Ireland

2008

Pre-and post-assessment to measure the reaction, learning and behaviour of participants, using questionnaires

McNamara et al. [29]

Ireland

2014

Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reactions using FDGs, and interviews

Fealy et al. [36]

Ireland

2015

Post-test assessment to measure the impact of the intervention, using service assessment tools

Patton et al. [37]

Ireland

2013

Post-test assessment to measure participants’ learning and behaviour using the leadership practice inventory, clinical leaders’ behaviour questionnaires, FGDs and group interviews

Pearson et al. [30]

Scotland

2010

Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reaction and behaviour, using FGDs and questionnaires

Martin et al. [46]

Switzerland

2012

Pre-and post- assessment to participants’ behaviour using, observation and self-assessment tools

Kling [43]

USA

2010

Post-test assessment at 6-month post intervention to measure participant reaction, learning attainment and behaviour using questionnaires

Abraham [44]

USA

2011

Pre-and post- assessment at 6 and 12 months following completion of intervention to measure participant learning, behaviour and impact of the intervention

Lekan et al. [24]

USA

2011

Pre-and post- test assessment to measure participant reaction, learning attainment, and impact of the intervention