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Table 8 How interventions were assessed

From: Developing and evaluating clinical leadership interventions for frontline healthcare providers: a review of the literature

Author Country Year How interventions were assessed
Cleary et al. [38] Australia 2005 Pre-and post-assessment to measure the reaction, and learning attainment of participants using the Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire
Ferguson et al. [39] Australia 2007 Post-test to measure the learning attainment and behaviour of participants using review of observation documents
Williams et al. [40] Australia 2009 Post-test to measure the reaction participants using a Questionnaire and focus group discussions (FDGs)
Travaglia et al. [41] Australia 2011 Mid-term assessment to measure the learning attainment and behavior of participants, and impact on service delivery interviews and online survey
MacPhail et al. [23] Australia 2015 Pre-and post-assessment and follow-up 18 moths post intervention to assess the reaction, and learning attainment of participants using structured evaluation survey and questionnaire
Leggat et al. [42] Australia 2016 Pre-and post-assessment to measure participants behaviour and impact of the intervention using questionnaires and interviews
Dierckx de Casterelé [45] Belgium 2008 Post-test assessment to measure the behaviour, learning attainment and impact of the intervention, using interviews, FDGs and observation of participants
Miller and Dalton [25] England 2011 Post-test assessment to measure individuals’ reaction using FDGs, interviews, and online questionnaires
Leeson and Millar [26] England 2013 Post-test assessment to measure the reaction and learning attainment, and behaviour of participants, using evaluation sheets
Enterkin et al. [27] England 2013 Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reaction and learning attainment questionnaires
Phillips and Byrne [31] England 2013 Post-test assessment to measure the reaction and learning of participants, using questionnaires
Castillo and James [32] England 2013 Post-test assessment to measure participant reaction, learning, behaviour and impact of the intervention using questionnaires
Stoll et al. [33] England 2011 Post-test assessment to measure, learning attainment and impact of the intervention, using questionnaires and interviews
Miani et al. [34] England 2013 Post-test assessment to measure the learning of participant, behaviour, and impact of the intervention, using Online questionnaires and interviews
Runnacle et al. [35] England 2013 Pre- and post- assessment to measure the reaction of participants
Lunn et al. [28] Ireland 2008 Pre-and post-assessment to measure the reaction, learning and behaviour of participants, using questionnaires
McNamara et al. [29] Ireland 2014 Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reactions using FDGs, and interviews
Fealy et al. [36] Ireland 2015 Post-test assessment to measure the impact of the intervention, using service assessment tools
Patton et al. [37] Ireland 2013 Post-test assessment to measure participants’ learning and behaviour using the leadership practice inventory, clinical leaders’ behaviour questionnaires, FGDs and group interviews
Pearson et al. [30] Scotland 2010 Post-test assessment to measure participants’ reaction and behaviour, using FGDs and questionnaires
Martin et al. [46] Switzerland 2012 Pre-and post- assessment to participants’ behaviour using, observation and self-assessment tools
Kling [43] USA 2010 Post-test assessment at 6-month post intervention to measure participant reaction, learning attainment and behaviour using questionnaires
Abraham [44] USA 2011 Pre-and post- assessment at 6 and 12 months following completion of intervention to measure participant learning, behaviour and impact of the intervention
Lekan et al. [24] USA 2011 Pre-and post- test assessment to measure participant reaction, learning attainment, and impact of the intervention
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