Table 3 CFIR constructs for the domains of Intervention characteristics and Process. Adapted from Damschroder et al. [10]

Intervention Characteristics

Intervention source

Key stakeholders’ perceptions of whether the intervention developed within or outside of the organization.

Evidence strength & quality

The perception of stakeholders regarding the validity of evidence in support of the intervention’s potential to bring about the desired outcomes.

Relative advantage

Advantage of the intervention over alternative solutions in the eyes of stakeholders.

Adaptability

The degree to which the intervention can be transformed or customized to fit with local needs.

Trialability

The potential for testing the intervention in small, reversible steps.

Complexity

Perceived intricacy of the implementation due to scope, disruptiveness, profoundness, number of stakeholder groups, etc.

Design quality and packaging

Perception regarding how well compiled and presented the intervention is.

Cost

Costs associated with the implementation and use of the intervention.

Process

Planning

The quality of a pre-defined method or scheme for the implementation, and the degree to which it is applied.

Engaging

Attracting and involving key individuals (listed below) in strategies including social marketing, training, role modelling, etc.

- Opinion leaders

Organization members with formal or informal influence on colleagues.

- Implementation leaders

Individuals in the organization who have been formally appointed as responsible for the implementation.

- Champions

Dedicated individuals who are passionate about the intervention.

- External change agents

Individuals who are not part of the organization but formally affect or facilitate implementation positively.

Executing

Accomplishing the implementation according to the plans made in advance.

Reflecting & evaluating

Feedback about the implementation progress, for example through regular personal and team reflections on progress and experiences.