Table 2 Determinants of frequent attenders (0 = Non-frequent attenders; 1 = Frequent attenders; cut-off: 6 GP or 6 specialist visits). Results of conditional FE logistic regressions. From wave 2 (2002) to wave 4 (2011)

Age

0.91***

0.95***

(0.87–0.95)

(0.92–0.98)

Marital status: - other (divorced, widowed, single, married, living separated from spouse; Ref.: married, living together with spouse)

1.06

0.96

(0.46–2.43)

(0.52–1.78)

Employment status: - retired (Ref.: employed)

1.81+

1.16

(0.92–3.57)

(0.74–1.83)

- other: not employed

2.26*

1.31

(1.17–4.39)

(0.84–2.04)

Log household net income

1.03

1.39+

(0.62–1.72)

(0.96–2.02)

Number of physical illnesses (from 0 to 11)

1.18**

1.24***

(1.06–1.32)

(1.13–1.35)

Physical functioning (from 0 = worst to 100 = best)

0.98***

0.99**

(0.97–0.99)

(0.98–1.00)

Self-rated health (from 1 = very good to 5 = very bad)

1.40**

1.50***

(1.11–1.78)

(1.25–1.79)

Depression (CES-D ≥ 18; Ref.: absence of depression)

1.25

1.06

(0.71–2.22)

(0.70–1.62)

Observations

1049

1862

Individuals

476

836

Pseudo R²

0.086

0.064