Table 1 List of the domains, subdomains, the barriers to physician-patient communication, and the literature sources used in the construction of the questionnaires
Domain | Subdomain | Patient survey | Source | Physician survey | Source | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q # | Brief description | First author, year of publication, [reference no.] | Q # | Brief description | First author, year of publication, [reference no.] | ||
Personal Characteristics and Attitudes | Failure of rapport building | 6 | Physician’s lack of interest in the issues raised | 11 | Difficulty establishing rapport | ||
10 | Physician’s lack of empathy | 16 | Patient’s lack of trust with physician | ||||
13 | Unsatisfactory physician manners | 13 | Patient’s lack of interest in building a partnership with physician | ||||
Communication of Information | Lack of shared understanding pertaining to history and symptoms | 11 | Not addressing all the issues raised | 6 | Presentation with multiple problems | ||
12 | Difficulty understanding the problem | 7 | Disorganised history by patient | ||||
9 | Inconsistent information provided by patient | ||||||
Lack of shared understanding pertaining to diagnosis | 3 | Difficulty getting the patient to understand the diagnosis | |||||
4 | Patient’s difficulty in understanding implications of diagnosis | ||||||
12 | Difficulty reconciling patient self-diagnosis with physician’s diagnosis | ||||||
Lack of shared decision-making and management | 14 | Pressurising patient on decision-making | 2 | Patient not following through with treatment plan | |||
15 | Lack of aid tools | Turner 2009 [25] | 8 | Patient not buying into treatment plan | |||
10 | Patient’s lack of interest in self-care | ||||||
Lack of communication attributes | 2 | Amount of information provided by physician- large | |||||
7 | Speech rapidity | ||||||
8 | Denying patient the opportunity to ask questions and talk | ||||||
9 | Not confirming understanding | ||||||
Linguistic and Cultural Factors | Use of medical jargon | 3 | Use of medical jargon | ||||
Lack of cultural competency | 16 | Difficulty understanding culture/health beliefs | 15 | Cultural beliefs interference with diagnosis and management | |||
18 | Physician’s culture/nationality | Roter 2006 [3] | 17 | Unfamiliarity with cultural alternative therapies | |||
Difficulty with language use | 4 | Difficulty with language/dialect | 18 | Difficulty with dialect/language | |||
5 | Inadequate translation by interpreter | ||||||
14 | Inappropriate interpreter | ||||||
Organisational Factors | Time limitation | 1 | Consultation time limitation | 1 | Consultation time limitation | ||
Medical records use | 5 | Preoccupation with computer/mobile phone | Shachak 2009 [27] | 19 | Preoccupation with medical records | Shachak 2009 [27] | |
Physical set up | 20 | Unsuitability of the physical set up | Ajiboye 2015 [28] | ||||
Physician’s gender | 17 | Physician’s gender | Roter 2006 [3] | ||||