Table 3 Odds of migrating to more urban areas for those working in rural and intermediate municipalities
From: Board certification and urban–rural migration of physicians in Japan
Tertile 1 (rural) in 2012 and Tertile 2 (intermediate) or 3 (urban) in 2014 | Tertile 2 (intermediate) in 2012 and Tertile 3 (urban) in 2014 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Sex | ||||
Male | Reference | Reference | ||
Female | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.18 | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.01 |
Years of experience | ||||
0–14 | Reference | Reference | ||
15–29 | 0.13 (0.11–0.14) | < 0.001 | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) | < 0.001 |
30–44 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | < 0.001 | 0.08 (0.07–0.09) | < 0.001 |
≥ 45 | 0.05 (0.04–0.07) | < 0.001 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | < 0.001 |
Type of institution | ||||
Clinic | Reference | Reference | ||
Hospital | 1.86 (1.61–2.13) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.31–1.53) | < 0.001 |
Board certification status from 2012 to 2014 | ||||
Remained certified | Reference | Reference | ||
Lost certification | 1.67 (1.20–2.31) | 0.02 | 1.78 (1.52–2.08) | < 0.001 |
Newly certified | 2.36 (1.87–2.98) | < 0.001 | 1.86 (1.69–2.06) | < 0.001 |
Remained uncertified | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 0.06 | 1.25 (1.17–1.33) | < 0.001 |