Un-adjusted PR | [95% CI], p | Adjusted PR | [95% CI], p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
General characteristics | ||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Female | 0.71 | [0.32, 1.46], 0.349 | 0.77 | [0.55, 1.45], 0.456 |
Age at the beginning of diabetes (years) | 1.04 | [0.97, 1.11], 0.245 | 1.05 | [1.04, 1.05], 0.000 |
Schooling | ||||
Secondary school or less | Ref. | Ref. | ||
High school or technical or commercial career | 0.73 | [0.72, 0.74], 0.000 | 1.64 | [0.69, 3.87], 0.264 |
University degree or higher | 0.53 | [0.22, 1.30], 0.168 | 1.78 | [0.45, 7.13], 0.412 |
Active smoking | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.24 | [0.75, 2.03], 0.402 | 2.74 | [2.58, 2.91], 0.000 |
Regular light to moderate alcohol consumption | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.30 | [0.23, 0.42], 0.000 | 0.31 | [0.305, 0.32], 0.000 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Diabetes duration > 10 years | 0.30 | [0.06, 1.46], 0.136 | 0.23 | [0.07, 1.27], 0.100 |
HbA1c ≤ 7% | Ref | Ref | ||
HbA1c 7.1–9% | 0.47 | [0.42, 0.52], 0.000 | 1.22 | [0.84, 1.78], 0.289 |
HbA1c > 9.0% | 0.78 | [0.51, 1.19], 0.250 | 0.46 | [0.22, 0.95], 0.036 |
Diabetes duration > 10 years## | 3.48 | [1.01, 12.07], 0.049 | 1.19 | [0.43, 3.31], 0.742 |
HbA1c 7.1–9% | ||||
Diabetes duration > 10 years## | 1.14 | [0.64, 2.02], 0.651 | 1.64 | [1.26, 2.13], 0.000 |
HbA1c > 9.0% | ||||
Severe acute diabetic complications | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 3.34 | [2.22, 5.02], 0.000 | 3.57 | [2.05, 6.22], 0.000 |
Microvascular chronic complications | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 4.01 | [3.59, 4.49], 0.000 | 7.04 | [3.72, 13.32], 0.000 |
Macrovascular chronic complications | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.81 | [0.44, 7.38], 0.406 | 2.32 | [1.02, 5.25], 0.044 |
Depression | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 2.50 | [0.81, 7.72], 0.110 | 0.85 | [0.03, 20.79], 0.922 |
Other comorbidities | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.68 | [1.54, 1.84], 0.000 | 1.91 | [1.09, 3.35], 0.024 |
Nutritional status | ||||
Underweight, or normal weight (BMI < 24.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 0.47 | [0.16, 1.37], 0.167 | 0.32 | [0.19, 0.52], 0.000 |
Obesity (BMI of 30 or higher kg/m2) | 0.27 | [0.02, 3.47], 0.317 | 0.14 | [0.02, 1.04], 0.055 |
Insulin therapy | ||||
Insulin monotherapy | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Combination of intermediate and fast acting insulins | 0.49 | [0.21, 1.16], 0.106 | 0.64 | [0.51, 0.81], 0.000 |
Combination of fast-acting and long-acting insulins | 0.53 | [0.24, 1.19], 0.125 | 0.52 | [0.37, 0.72], 0.000 |
Number of consultations with endocrinologist | 1.09 | [0.97, 1.23], 0.150 | 0.99 | [0.79, 1.25], 0.978 |