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Table 6 Observational Outcome Data - observations across all time-pointsc

From: CogChamps: impact of a project to educate nurses about delirium and improve the quality of care for hospitalized patients with cognitive impairment

 

Intervention Hospital

Control Hospital

χ2

P-value

PATIENT BEHAVIOR

Patient activity:

Patient doing nothing, versus

170 (45%)

81 (52%)

1.99

0.16

Patient engaged in some activity

206 (55%)

75 (48%)

(n; % of total observations)

Total obs = 376

Total obs = 156

Patient showed signs of agitation/ pain (n; % of total observations)

59 (12%)

25 (14%)

0.69

0.41

Total obs = 497

Total obs = 175

Patient showed confusion/ disorientation (n; % of total observations)

184 (38%)

74 (38%)

0.012

0.91

Total obs = 484

Total obs = 197

Number of occasions, patients experienced meal-time difficulty (n; % of total observations)

128 (62%)

55 (70%)

1.28

0.27

Total obs = 205

Total obs = 70

NURSE BEHAVIOR

Number of occasions patients who showed confusion were reoriented by nurse (n; % of total observations)

109 (63%)

36 (58%)

0.47

0.49

Total obs = 173

Total obs = 62

Number of occasions patients who experienced meal-time difficulty

96 (76%)

47 (87%)

3.0

0.56

received appropriate assistancea(n; % of total observations)

Total obs = 127

Total obs = 54

How often did the nurse introduce themselves when they approached the

39 (10%)

34 (25%)

6.8

0.009*

patient (n; % of total observations)

Total obs = 384

Total obs = 135

How often, did the nurse address the patient by his/her name when they approached the patient (n; % of total observations)

221 (57%)

67 (49%)

2.35

0.13

Total obs = 386

Total obs = 135

Nurse explained action/ procedure in easy to understand terms (n; % of total observations)

283 (71%)

97 (73%)

0.16

0.69

Total obs = 398

Total obs = 133

Intervention Hospital

Control Hospital

χ2

P-value

Total patients = 130

Total patients = 51

Number of patients who received a newly prescribed antipsychotic within the last 24 h (n; % of patients)

29 (21%)

12 (23%)

0.03

0.86

Number of patients who received a newly prescribed benzodiazepine within the last 24 h (n; % of patients)

21b (16%)

3 (6%)

3.36

0.07

Number of patients who were administered analgesia (n; % of patients)

36 (28%)

25 (49%)

7.46

0.006*

Assessment of patient’s cognitive function within 24 h of admission using a standardized assessment tool? (n; % of patients)

70 (54%)

13 (25%)

11.86

0.001**

Informal assessment of patient’s cognitive function (n; % of patients)

88 (68%)

31 (61%)

0.78

0.38

  1. aAppropriate assistance was provided by nurses on a majority of occasions (91%); Others who provided assistance included family members /other staff
  2. bOne patient had experienced a seizure and two were undergoing alcohol/ drug detoxification
  3. cThe data presented in this Table have been collapsed across all time-points (Baseline, Data Collections 2 and 3, and Follow-Up); The number of observations differs as cases where the event did not occur (e.g. there was no nurse – patient interaction during the observation) were excluded from the analyses
  4. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001