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Table 4 Description of variables used in empirical models and summary statistics

From: Estimating technical efficiency of Turkish hospitals: implications for hospital reform initiatives

Variable

Description

Mean

SD

Min

Max

Variables in Frontier Model

output

Hospital composite output (see Eq. 9)

14.3 M

29.0 M

2885

287 M

bed

Number of inpatient hospital beds

144

215

2

1816

doctors

Number of doctors except residents

55

83

1

1030

clinicians

Number of non-doctor health professionals (nurses, midwives, technicians, etc.)

174

231

7

2006

devices

Number of X-Ray, MR, CT, ECG, Doppler

12

17

0

458

devices_d

Dummy to control for zero-value problem

    

admin

Number of administrative staff

39

53

1

489

icubeds

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Beds

17

25

0

230

icubeds_d

Dummy to control for zero-value problem

    

Variables in Inefficiency term model

type

Hospital ownership type (%)

    

 MoH General

42.02

   

 MoH Integrated County Hospitals

11.97

   

 MoH Teaching

3.99

   

 Private General

36.83

   

 Private University

1.21

   

 Public University

3.99

   

income

Per capita income proxied by Regional per capita Gross Domestic Product

 Less than $5000

4.36

   

 $ 5001–10,000

12.64

   

 $ 10,001–15,000

28.94

   

 $ 15,001–20,000

39.33

   

 $ 20,001 and above

13.73

   

region

Statistical regions and percent of hospitals in each region

 Istanbul

15.31

   

 West Marmara

5.94

   

 Aegean

12.8

   

 East Marmara

8.91

   

 West Anatolia

8.91

   

 Mediterranean

11.41

   

 Central Anatolia

5.94

   

 West Black Sea

7.88

   

 East Black Sea

4.92

   

 North East Anatolia

3.53

   

 Central East Anatolia

6.22

   

 South East Anatolia

8.26