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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of included variables, from 2001 to 2014

From: Regional variation in health care utilization in Sweden – the importance of demand-side factors

 

Mean

Min

Max

St.dev. Overall

St.dev. Between

St.dev. Within

Health care utilization

 Visits to primary physician (per capita)

1.37

0.99

2.02

0.17

0.16

0.08

 Visits to specialist (per capita)

1.21

0.86

2.28

0.23

0.21

0.09

Mortality

 Mortality rate (per 100,000)

963.34

767.34

1155.01

77.94

48.59

61.80

Demography

 Women (%)

50.12

49.02

51.03

0.37

0.35

0.16

 65–79 years (%)

13.74

9.58

17.93

1.73

1.31

1.16

 80 years or older (%)

5.65

3.88

6.51

0.57

0.57

0.15

 Foreign born (%)

10.86

3.88

23.43

4.12

3.89

1.59

Socio-economic structure

 Education lower (% with only primary educ.)

23.76

15.33

32.40

3.54

2.37

2.68

 Education intermed. (% with secondary educ. at highest)

46.96

37.71

52.66

3.04

3.06

0.55

 Education higher (% with some type of tertiary educ.)

27.75

19.60

43.48

4.81

4.33

2.29

 GRP/capita (SEK 1000)a

328.92

241.79

571.00

52.76

48.59

22.96

 Financial assistance (SEK 1000)a

1.02

0.45

1.82

0.27

0.24

0.13

 Unemployment (%)

6.89

2.47

11.00

1.89

0.89

1.68

Supply

 Primary care centers (per 100,000)

13.14

7.81

22.76

3.05

2.92

1.06

 Non-public primary care (%)

25.31

0.00

67.31

17.03

14.65

9.21

 Density of physicians (per 1000)

2.95

2.21

4.27

0.41

0.33

0.24

Copayments

 Copayment primary (SEK)a

147.01

99.77

209.69

26.03

18.90

18.33

 Copayment specialist (SEK)a

284.15

199.64

350.00

36.41

25.62

26.42

  1. aPrices in 2014 price level, 1 SEK ≈ €0.10