Patients’ assessment of chronic illness care: a validation study among patients with type 2 diabetes in Finland

Table 3 Descriptive data on subscales and complete PACIC scale (Study sample; n = 2681)

Scale	Missing %	Floor/Ceiling^a %	Mean (SD) (range 1–5)	Median (range 1–5)	IQR^c
Patient activation (3 items; no missing items allowed)	1.5	17.2/4.7	2.54 (1.21)	2.3	1.7–3.3
Delivery system design/decision support (3 items; no missing items allowed)	1.5	5.7/5.3	3.12 (1.06)	3.3	2.3–4.0
Goal setting/tailoring (5 items; 1 missing item allowed)	0	12.7/0.6	2.25 (0.93)	2.2	1.4–2.8
Problem solving/contextual (4 items; 1 missing item allowed)	0.4	20.2/2.6	2.29 (1.10)	2.0	1.3–3.0
Follow up/coordination (5 items; 1 missing item allowed)	0.1	24.9/0.3	1.79 (0.76)	1.6	1.2–2.2
PACIC total score (20 items; 3 missing items allowed)	0.1	2.8/0.1 (17.8/0.9^b)	2.32 (0.84)	2.3	1.7–2.9

^aFloor and ceiling effects = percent of respondents attaining minimum or maximum scores (1/5)
^bFloor and ceiling effects = percent of respondents attaining PACIC total scores < 1.5/> 4.5
^cInterquartile range (IQR) = first to third quartile

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