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Table 2 Emergent themes

From: Resilience, trust, and civic engagement in the post-CCSVI era

Themes and sub-themes

Description

Grasping onto hope

 Initial hopes

 Disappointment

Initial hopes and subsequent disappointment about chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency research in the multiple sclerosis community

Costs of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency research

 Medical adverse events

 Divestment of research funds

 Limited efficacy

 Translational delays

Adverse implications of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency research

Enduring optimism

 Caution in the wake of disappointment

 Forging onward with stem cell research

Retained optimism and continued support for stem cell research to address multiple sclerosis

Lessons learned

Knowledge gleaned from the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency experience that may shape future scientific endeavours