Skip to main content

Table 3 PN Re-use and Related Outcomes, by PN Reimbursement Status

From: The association between insurance coverage for insulin pen needles and healthcare resource utilization among insulin-dependent patients with diabetes in China

Parameter

Patients with PN Reimbursement

(N = 142)

Patients without PN Reimbursement

(N = 258)

p-value*

Subject rotates inulin injection sitea (% Yes)

 Yes (%)

105 (73.9)

212 (82.2)

0.0522

 No (%)

37 (26.1)

46 (17.8)

Subject ever received instruction on insulin injectionsa (% Yes)

 Yes (%)

131 (92.3)

229 (88.8)

0.2650

 No (%)

11 (7.7)

29 (11.2)

Most recent receipt or review of injection instructiona

 Within the past 6 months (%)

14 (10.7)

18 (7.9)

0.9523

 Within the past 6–12 months

8 (6.1)

14 (6.1)

 More than 1 year ago

25 (19.1)

47 (20.5)

 More than 2 years ago

35 (26.7)

65 (28.4)

 More than 5 years ago

33 (25.2)

54 (23.6)

 More than 10 years ago

16 (12.2)

31 (13.5)

Subject re-uses pen needlesa (% Yes)

129 (90.9)

251 (97.3)

0.0047

Number of times a single PN is reused by the subject

 Mean (SD)

12.9 (31.1)

19.5 (28.9)

<  0.0001

 Median (Q1, Q3)

7 (3, 15)

12 (6, 20)

  1. *Differences in continuous variables were tested using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for non-normally distributed variables and the Student t-test for normally distributed variables; differences in categorical variables were tested using χ2 tests; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant
  2. aPercentages represent column percentages
  3. Q1 Lower 25th percentile, Q3 Upper 25th percentile, SD Standard deviation