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Table 4 Changes in Workplace Stress and Burnout After Redesigns in Each Phase (Separate Analyses, by Implementation Phase)

From: Experiences of primary care physicians and staff following lean workflow redesign

 

Pilot (Phase 1)

(N = 232)

Betas (Phase 2)

(N = 558)

All Other Clinics (Phase 3)

(N = 1000)

Experience Domains

Parameter Estimatea

(SD)

Parameter Estimatea

(SD)

Parameter Estimatea

(SD)

Perceptions of Work Environment

 Workplace stress

0.419***

(0.144)

0.332***

(0.090)

0.231***

(0.063)

Job-related Burnout

 Emotional exhaustion

−0.016

(0.248)

0.476***

(0.164)

0.383***

(0.120)

 Depersonalization

−0.016

(0.207)

−0.230*

(0.118)

−0.117

(0.087)

 Personal accomplishment

0.417*

(0.222)

−0.308***

(0.095)

−0.001

(0.086)

  1. Note: All models adjusted for respondent characteristics, including gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, department tenure, and clinic implementation phase
  2. SD, Standard Deviation
  3. aReference group: Baseline survey
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001