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Table 3 Changes in Nonphysician Staff Experiences After Workflow Redesigns (N = 1039)

From: Experiences of primary care physicians and staff following lean workflow redesign

Experience Domains

Parameter Estimatea

Standard Deviation

Staff Engagement

 Personal motivation

0.115**

0.070

 Work satisfaction

0.076

0.066

 Ownership

−0.005

0.052

Perceptions of Work Environment

 Teamwork

0.146**

0.059

 Participation in decision making

0.096*

0.069

 Workplace stress

0.177***

0.067

Job-related Burnout

 Emotional exhaustion

0.365**

0.120

 Depersonalization

−0.244***

0.077

 Personal accomplishment

0.034

0.097

  1. Note: All models are adjusted for respondent characteristics, including gender, age, race/ ethnicity, education, department tenure, and clinic phase of implementation
  2. aReference group: Baseline survey
  3. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01