Table 1 Study population. Distribution of persons with and without health insurance claims and proportion (and 95% confidence interval) across analysed variables. Attribution of causes of death follows ICD-10 coding
From: Death at no cost? Persons with no health insurance claims in the last year of life in Switzerland
Category | Males | Females | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIC exist | No HIC | Proportion no HIC (95% CI) | HIC exist | No HIC | Proportion no HIC (95% CI) | |||||
No. | Col % | No. | Col % | No. | Col % | No. | Col % | |||
Age group | ||||||||||
19–25 | 253 | 0% | 61 | 5% | 0.194 (0.151–0.238) | 105 | 0% | 8 | 1% | 0.071 (0.024–0.118) |
26–30 | 214 | 0% | 40 | 3% | 0.157 (0.113–0.202) | 126 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 0.023 (0.000–0.049) |
31–35 | 262 | 1% | 38 | 3% | 0.127 (0.089–0.164) | 153 | 0% | 9 | 1% | 0.056 (0.020–0.091) |
36–40 | 384 | 1% | 48 | 4% | 0.111 (0.081–0.141) | 252 | 0% | 4 | 0% | 0.016 (0.000–0.031) |
41–45 | 671 | 1% | 80 | 7% | 0.107 (0.084–0.129) | 391 | 1% | 10 | 1% | 0.025 (0.010–0.040) |
46–50 | 1111 | 2% | 93 | 8% | 0.077 (0.062–0.092) | 702 | 1% | 14 | 2% | 0.020 (0.009–0.030) |
51–55 | 1606 | 3% | 107 | 9% | 0.062 (0.051–0.074) | 1048 | 2% | 27 | 3% | 0.025 (0.016–0.034) |
56–60 | 2411 | 5% | 123 | 10% | 0.049 (0.040–0.057) | 1468 | 2% | 23 | 3% | 0.015 (0.009–0.022) |
61–65 | 3672 | 7% | 105 | 9% | 0.028 (0.023–0.033) | 2191 | 4% | 32 | 4% | 0.014 (0.009–0.019) |
66–70 | 4584 | 9% | 107 | 9% | 0.023 (0.019–0.027) | 2801 | 5% | 41 | 5% | 0.014 (0.010–0.019) |
71–75 | 5713 | 11% | 85 | 7% | 0.015 (0.012–0.018) | 4153 | 7% | 52 | 6% | 0.012 (0.009–0.016) |
76–80 | 7925 | 15% | 77 | 6% | 0.010 (0.007–0.012) | 6607 | 11% | 84 | 10% | 0.013 (0.010–0.015) |
81–85 | 9496 | 18% | 89 | 7% | 0.009 (0.007–0.011) | 11,268 | 19% | 125 | 16% | 0.011 (0.009–0.013) |
86–90 | 8404 | 16% | 92 | 8% | 0.011 (0.009–0.013) | 13,527 | 23% | 159 | 20% | 0.012 (0.010–0.013) |
91+ | 5411 | 10% | 54 | 5% | 0.010 (0.007–0.013) | 14,366 | 24% | 212 | 26% | 0.015 (0.013–0.016) |
Nationality | ||||||||||
Swiss | 46,768 | 90% | 1013 | 84% | 0.021 (0.020–0.022) | 55,671 | 94% | 748 | 93% | 0.013 (0.012–0.014) |
Foreigner | 5349 | 10% | 186 | 16% | 0.034 (0.029–0.038) | 3487 | 6% | 55 | 7% | 0.016 (0.011–0.020) |
Civil status | ||||||||||
Single | 6247 | 12% | 380 | 32% | 0.057 (0.052–0.063) | 6978 | 12% | 134 | 17% | 0.019 (0.016–0.022) |
Married | 30,452 | 58% | 476 | 40% | 0.015 (0.014–0.017) | 13,064 | 22% | 131 | 16% | 0.010 (0.008–0.012) |
Widowed | 10,796 | 21% | 138 | 12% | 0.013 (0.011–0.015) | 33,875 | 57% | 425 | 53% | 0.012 (0.011–0.014) |
Divorced | 4622 | 9% | 205 | 17% | 0.042 (0.037–0.048) | 5241 | 9% | 113 | 14% | 0.021 (0.017–0.025) |
Cause of death | ||||||||||
CVD | 17,398 | 33% | 353 | 29% | 0.020 (0.018–0.022) | 22,858 | 39% | 321 | 40% | 0.014 (0.012–0.015) |
Cancer | 16,107 | 31% | 76 | 6% | 0.005 (0.004–0.006) | 13,250 | 22% | 48 | 6% | 0.004 (0.003–0.005) |
Mental & behavioural disorders | 2313 | 4% | 87 | 7% | 0.036 (0.029–0.044) | 4670 | 8% | 110 | 14% | 0.023 (0.019–0.027) |
Nervous system | 2178 | 4% | 40 | 3% | 0.018 (0.012–0.024) | 3256 | 6% | 66 | 8% | 0.020 (0.015–0.025) |
Respiratory | 3637 | 7% | 39 | 3% | 0.011 (0.007–0.014) | 3360 | 6% | 41 | 5% | 0.012 (0.008–0.016) |
Digestive | 2088 | 4% | 35 | 3% | 0.016 (0.011–0.022) | 2419 | 4% | 34 | 4% | 0.014 (0.009–0.018) |
Accidents | 1980 | 4% | 208 | 17% | 0.095 (0.083–0.107) | 1955 | 3% | 33 | 4% | 0.017 (0.011–0.022) |
Suicide | 1213 | 2% | 162 | 14% | 0.118 (0.101–0.135) | 581 | 1% | 15 | 2% | 0.025 (0.013–0.038) |
Other | 5203 | 10% | 199 | 17% | 0.037 (0.032–0.042) | 6809 | 12% | 135 | 17% | 0.019 (0.016–0.023) |
Urbanicity | ||||||||||
Urban | 16,086 | 31% | 392 | 33% | 0.024 (0.021–0.026) | 20,503 | 35% | 349 | 43% | 0.017 (0.015–0.018) |
Peri-urban | 22,725 | 44% | 528 | 44% | 0.023 (0.021–0.025) | 24,819 | 42% | 324 | 40% | 0.013 (0.011–0.014) |
Rural | 13,306 | 26% | 279 | 23% | 0.021 (0.018–0.023) | 13,836 | 23% | 130 | 16% | 0.009 (0.008–0.011) |
Language region | ||||||||||
German | 36,616 | 70% | 877 | 73% | 0.023 (0.022–0.025) | 42,034 | 71% | 548 | 68% | 0.013 (0.012–0.014) |
French | 12,857 | 25% | 268 | 22% | 0.020 (0.018–0.023) | 13,905 | 24% | 237 | 30% | 0.017 (0.015–0.019) |
Italian | 2644 | 5% | 54 | 5% | 0.020 (0.015–0.025) | 3219 | 5% | 18 | 2% | 0.006 (0.003–0.008) |
Swiss-SEP quintile | ||||||||||
1st (lowest) | 3807 | 7% | 81 | 7% | 0.021 (0.016–0.025) | 3847 | 7% | 40 | 5% | 0.010 (0.007–0.013) |
2nd | 11,480 | 22% | 233 | 19% | 0.020 (0.017–0.022) | 12,323 | 21% | 139 | 17% | 0.011 (0.009–0.013) |
3rd | 14,256 | 27% | 312 | 26% | 0.021 (0.019–0.024) | 16,128 | 27% | 194 | 24% | 0.012 (0.010–0.014) |
4th | 17,455 | 33% | 451 | 38% | 0.025 (0.023–0.027) | 21,196 | 36% | 334 | 42% | 0.016 (0.014–0.017) |
5th (highest) | 5119 | 10% | 122 | 10% | 0.023 (0.019–0.027) | 5664 | 10% | 96 | 12% | 0.017 (0.013–0.020) |
Total | 52,117 | 100% | 1199 | 100% | 0.022 (0.021–0.024) | 59,158 | 100% | 803 | 100% | 0.013 (0.012–0.014) |